ReviewRheumatology (Oxford, England)2013
Friend or foe: high bone mineral density on routine bone density scanning, a review of causes and management.
Review in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Updated practice guideline for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Guideline
- Using multivariable Mendelian randomization to estimate the causal effect of bone mineral density on osteoarthritis risk, independently of body mass index.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- REMS versus DXA in older adults: diagnostic concordance for osteoporosis in a geriatric outpatient population.Archives of osteoporosis · 2026Article
- Key determinants for lowering the risk of joint replacement in weight-bearing joints: a population-based cohort study.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2026Article
- A hip that breaks the scale.EULAR rheumatology open · 2026Article
- Polypharmacy and Bone Health in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.Journal of bone metabolism · 2026Article
- Opportunistic osteoporosis screening on FDG PET/CT scans in breast carcinoma: a comparison with DXA.Asia Oceania journal of nuclear medicine & biology · 2026Article
- Bone mineral density assessment by DXA in disease-associated osteoporosis: the limitations.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Novel CT-based vertebral three-dimensional Hounsfield unit for assessment of bone mineral density.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- CT- and MRI-based endplate osteoporosis status assessment for predicting adjacent vertebral fractures after thoracolumbar percutaneous kyphoplasty: a matched comparison study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Emerging MRI-based spine scoring techniques targeting bone quality to assess osteoporosis, vertebral fracture risk, other spinal degenerative diseases, and post-surgical outcomes.La Radiologia medica · 2025Review
- Diffuse Osteosclerosis in a Young Cat Presenting With Chronic Nasal Congestion: A Case Report.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Bone texture by clinical magnetic resonance imaging is directly related to bone tissue maturity by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.JBMR plus · 2025Article
- Modified criteria for identifying elevated bone mass.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Article
- Would Roussouly classification affect the diagnostic efficiency of vertebral bone quality score for assessing osteopenia or osteoporosis in lumbar degenerative disease?European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Long-read sequencing of 945 Han individuals identifies structural variants associated with phenotypic diversity and disease susceptibility.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sex-specific association between platelet content and bone mineral density in adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Skeletal fluorosis: an uncommon cause, yet a rescue treatment?Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Article
- Significant Reduction in Bone Density as Measured by Hounsfield Units in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis or Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Trabecular Bone Score in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A finding of high BMD on routine DXA scanning is not infrequent and most commonly reflects degenerative disease. However, BMD increases may also arise secondary to a range of underlying disorders affecting the skeleton. Although low BMD increases fracture risk, the converse may not hold for high BMD, since elevated BMD may occur in conditions where fracture risk is increased, unaffected or reduced. Here we outline a classification for the causes of raised BMD, based on identification of focal or generalized BMD changes, and discuss an approach to guide appropriate investigation by clinicians after careful interpretation of DXA scan findings within the context of the clinical history. We will also review the mild skeletal dysplasia associated with the currently unexplained high bone mass phenotype and discuss recent advances in osteoporosis therapies arising from improved understanding of rare inherited high BMD disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.