ArticlePediatrics2013
Facial dysmorphism across the fetal alcohol spectrum.
Article in Pediatrics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prenatal alcohol exposure and associations with physical size, dysmorphology and neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Arterial spin labeling (ASL-MRI) versus fluorodeoxyglucose-PET (FDG-PET) in diagnosing dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic literature review on which maternal alcohol behaviours are related to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).BMJ open · 2018Pooled it
- Guideline
- Infant circulating MicroRNAs as biomarkers of effect in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Dysmorphic Features in Adults at Midlife.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Early life outcomes of prenatal exposure to alcohol and synthetic cannabinoids in mice.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Maternal, paternal, and dual-parental alcohol exposures result in both overlapping and distinct impacts on behavior in adolescent offspring.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway sensitize zebrafish and humans to ethanol-induced jaw malformations.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Article
- Preconception Paternal Alcohol Consumption Elicits Postnatal Changes in Neural Retinas of the Offspring.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Early Life Outcomes of Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- OXSeg: Multidimensional Attention UNet-Based Lip Segmentation Using Semi-Supervised Lip Contours.IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions · 2025Article
- Bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway- Ethanol interactions disrupt palate formation independent of gata3.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Alcohol induces p53-mediated apoptosis in neural crest by stimulating an AMPK-mediated suppression of TORC1, S6K, and ribosomal biogenesis.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Machine learning approaches to the identification of children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure: A narrative review.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Review
- Secondary physical features in children with FASD.European journal of medical genetics · 2024Article
- Alcohol consumption during pregnancy by women from southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2024Article
- Chronic paternal alcohol exposures induce dose-dependent changes in offspring craniofacial shape and symmetry.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Preconception paternal ethanol exposures induce alcohol-related craniofacial growth deficiencies in fetal offspring.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveClassic facial characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) are shortened palpebral fissures, smooth philtrum, and thin upper vermillion. We aim to help pediatricians detect facial dysmorphism across the fetal alcohol spectrum, especially among nonsyndromal heavily exposed (HE) individuals without classic facial characteristics.
methodsOf 192 Cape Coloured children recruited, 69 were born to women who reported abstaining from alcohol during pregnancy. According to multifaceted criteria, the remainder were allocated clinically to the FAS (n = 22), partial FAS (n = 26) or nonsyndromal HE (n = 75) categories. We used dense surface modeling and signature analyses of 3-dimensional facial photographs to determine agreement between clinical categorization and classifications induced from face shape alone, to visualize facial differences, and to consider predictive links between face shape and neurobehavior.
resultsFace classification achieved significant agreement with clinical categories for discrimination of nonexposed from FAS alone (face: 0.97-1.00; profile: 0.92) or with the addition of partial FAS (face: 0.90; profile: 0.92). Visualizations of face signatures delineated dysmorphism across the fetal alcohol spectrum and in half of the nonsyndromal HE category face signature graphs detected facial characteristics consistent with prenatal alcohol exposure. This subgroup performed less well on IQ and learning tests than did nonsyndromal subjects without classic facial characteristics.
conclusionsHeat maps and morphing visualizations of face signatures may help clinicians detect facial dysmorphism across the fetal alcohol spectrum. Face signature graphs show potential for identifying nonsyndromal heavily exposed children who lack the classic facial phenotype but have cognitive impairment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.