ArticleNeuron2013
A cholinergic mechanism for reward timing within primary visual cortex.
Article in Neuron, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.
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Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 219 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acetylcholine: a candidate substrate for hippocampal predictive learning?Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Intrinsic timing, not temporal prediction, underlies ramping dynamics in visual and parietal cortex during passive behavior.Science advances · 2026Article
- Association learning drives synaptic plasticity at feedforward synapses in somatosensory cortex.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- A shared predictive architecture in the sensory cortex for statistical and reward-based learning.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2026Review
- Time, space, memory and brain-body rhythms.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Cell-intrinsic mechanisms underlying spontaneous activity in the mouse visual cortical slice: implications for fragile X pathophysiology.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Learning-dependent cholinergic plasticity reconfigures cortical circuit dynamics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Environmental Novelty Modulates Rapid Cortical Plasticity During Navigation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Unsupervised learning of temporal regularities in visual cortical populations.Nature communications · 2025Article
- An auditory cortical-striatal circuit supports sound-triggered timing to predict future events.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Somatostatin neurons detect stimulus-reward contingencies to reduce neocortical inhibition during learning.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Ex vivo cortical circuits learn to predict and spontaneously replay temporal patterns.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Origin of visual experience-dependent theta oscillations.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
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- Stable sequential dynamics in prefrontal cortex represents subjective estimation of time.eLife · 2024Article
- Learning to express reward prediction error-like dopaminergic activity requires plastic representations of time.Nature communications · 2024Article
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- M2 receptors are required for spatiotemporal sequence learning in mouse primary visual cortex.Journal of neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Article
- A unified model for cross-modal plasticity and skill acquisition.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neurons in rodent primary visual cortex (V1) relate operantly conditioned stimulus-reward intervals with modulated patterns of spiking output, but little is known about the locus or mechanism of this plasticity. Here we show that cholinergic basal forebrain projections to V1 are necessary for the neural acquisition, but not the expression, of reward timing in the visual cortex of awake, behaving animals. We then mimic reward timing in vitro by pairing white matter stimulation with muscarinic receptor activation at a fixed interval and show that this protocol results in the prolongation of electrically evoked spike train durations out to the conditioned interval. Together, these data suggest that V1 possesses the circuitry and plasticity to support reward time prediction learning and the cholinergic system serves as an important reinforcement signal which, in vivo, conveys to the cortex the outcome of behavior.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.