ArticlePsychology and aging2013
Demographic predictors of cognitive change in ethnically diverse older persons.
Article in Psychology and aging, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age-related cognitive decline and associations with sex, education and apolipoprotein E genotype across ethnocultural groups and geographic regions: a collaborative cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Exposure to air pollution as a potential contributor to cognitive function, cognitive decline, brain imaging, and dementia: A systematic review of epidemiologic research.Neurotoxicology · 2016Pooled it
- Dementia in Advanced Kidney Disease by Race and Ethnicity and Neighborhood Factors.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Domain-specific changes in everyday cognition: Associations with diagnosis change and gray matter volume change.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Machine learning diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia in harmonized older adult cohorts.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Sustained Purpose in Life is Associated With Slower Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis With a Diverse National Sample.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Disentangling the contributions of cerebrovascular-related white matter integrity markers to cognitive aging.Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2025Article
- The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative-4 (ADNI-4) Engagement Core: A culturally informed, community-engaged research (CI-CER) model to advance brain health equity.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Racial differences in the effect of verbal and nonverbal memory on concrete planning for future care needs among older adults: a multi-group structural equation modeling approach.Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition · 2024Article
- Self-reported mid- to late-life physical and recreational activities: Associations with late-life cognition.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2024Article
- Development of a machine learning algorithm to predict the residual cognitive reserve index.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Effects of early-life environment and adulthood SES on cognitive change in a multiethnic cohort.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2023Article
- Discrimination and Education Quality Moderate the Association of Sleep With Cognitive Function in Older Black Adults: Results From the Einstein Aging Study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- APOE Effects on Late Life Cognitive Trajectories in Diverse Racial/Ethnic Groups.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2023Article
- The Mediating Roles of Neurobiomarkers in the Relationship Between Education and Late-Life Cognition.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Neighborhood-level social vulnerability and individual-level cognitive and motor functioning over time in older non-Latino Black and Latino adults.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- The protective effect of educational level varies as a function of the difficulty of the memory task in ageing.European journal of ageing · 2022Article
- The effect of missing data and imputation on the detection of bias in cognitive testing using differential item functioning methods.BMC medical research methodology · 2022Article
- Measuring Cognitive Health in Ethnically Diverse Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
- Blood Pressure and Later-Life Cognition in Hispanic and White Adults (BP-COG): A Pooled Cohort Analysis of ARIC, CARDIA, CHS, FOS, MESA, and NOMAS.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate how demographic variables relate to cognitive change and address whether cross-sectional demographic effects on cognitive tests are mirrored in differences in longitudinal trajectories of cognitive decline. We hypothesized that race and ethnicity, education, and language of test administration would relate to cross-sectional status and that the rate of cognitive decline would differ among African Americans, Hispanics, and Caucasians, across levels of educational attainment, and according to linguistic background. Participants were 404 educationally, ethnically, and cognitively diverse older adults enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study of cognition. Mixed-effects regression analysis was used to measure baseline status and longitudinal change in episodic memory, executive functioning, and semantic memory. Results showed that ethnicity and education were strongly associated with baseline scores, but were, at most, weakly associated with change in cognition over time after accounting for confounding variables. There was evidence that the episodic-memory scores of Spanish-speaking Hispanic participants with limited education underestimated their true abilities in the initial evaluation, which may reflect lack of familiarity with the testing environment. These results--consistent with other reports in the literature--suggest that cross-sectional effects of demographic variables on cognitive-test scores result from differences in life experiences that directly influence test performance and do not indicate greater disease effects on cognition in minorities and those with limited education.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.