ArticlePloS one2013
Poor immune reconstitution in HIV-infected patients associates with high percentage of regulatory CD4+ T cells.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Predictive value of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in relation to opportunistic infections in people living with HIV/AIDS.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Immune non-response despite effective antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV: A review of potential mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.HIV medicine · 2026Review
- HBsAg loss in HIV/HBV coinfected patients: Hepatitis B cure insights and implications.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- Article
- How to properly define immunological nonresponse to antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV? an integrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Regulatory T Cells Kinetics in Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV-Tuberculosis Co-Infected Individuals.Journal of molecular and clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Regulatory T cells modulate monocyte functions in immunocompetent antiretroviral therapy naive HIV-1 infected people.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Cellular and molecular insights into incomplete immune recovery in HIV/AIDS patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Adipokines as New Biomarkers of Immune Recovery: Apelin Receptor, RBP4 and ZAG Are Related to CD4International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- High-frequency and activation of CD4Veterinary research · 2021Article
- Anti-Relapse effects of donor natural killer cells and IL-2 gene modification on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute leukemia.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2020Article
- Thymic Function as a Predictor of Immune Recovery in Chronically HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Is weak CD4+ gain in the course of suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection a current clinical challenge? A case report and brief review of the literature.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Review
- Phenotypic characterization of regulatory T cells from antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected people.Immunology · 2017Article
- Toxoplasmosis-associated IRIS involving the CNS: a case report with longitudinal analysis of T cell subsets.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Brief Report: A High Rate of β7+ Gut-Homing Lymphocytes in HIV-Infected Immunological Nonresponders is Associated With Poor CD4 T-Cell Recovery During Suppressive HAART.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Article
- Longitudinal evaluation of regulatory T-cell dynamics on HIV-infected individuals during the first 2 years of therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Article
- Gaps in the Continuum of HIV Care: Long Pretreatment Waiting Time between HIV Diagnosis and Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Leads to Poor Treatment Adherence and Outcomes.BioMed research international · 2016Observational
- Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells in health and disease.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2015Review
- Increased Regulatory T-Cell Percentage Contributes to Poor CD4(+) Lymphocytes Recovery: A 2-Year Prospective Study After Introduction of Antiretroviral Therapy.Open forum infectious diseases · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for the maintenance of the immune system's equilibrium, by dampening the activation of potential auto-reactive T cells and avoiding excessive immune activation. To correctly perform their function, Tregs must be maintained at the right proportion with respect to effector T cells. Since this equilibrium is frequently disrupted in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we hypothesize that its deregulation could hamper immune reconstitution in patients with poor CD4(+) T cell recovery under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We analysed Tregs percentages amongst CD4(+) T cells in 53 HIV-infected patients under HAART, with suppression of viral replication and distinct levels of immune reconstitution. As controls, 51 healthy individuals were also analysed. We observed that amongst the patients with Nadir values (the lowest CD4(+) T cell counts achieved) <200 cells/µL, the individuals with high Tregs percentages (≥10% of total CD4(+) T cells) had the worse CD4(+) T cell reconstitution. In accordance, the well-described direct correlation between the Nadir value and CD4(+) T cell reconstitution is clearly more evident in individuals with high Tregs proportions. Furthermore, we observed a strong negative correlation between Tregs percentages and CD4(+) T cell recovery among immunological non-responder HIV(+) individuals. All together, this work shows that high Tregs frequency is an important factor associated with sub-optimal CD4(+) T cell recovery. This is particularly relevant for immunological non-responders with low Nadir values. Our results suggest that the Tregs proportion might be of clinical relevance to define cut-offs for HAART initiation.
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