ArticlePloS one2013
Significant molecular and systemic adaptations after repeated sprint training in hypoxia.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 140 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Changes in Body Composition, Metabolic and Mechanical Responses to Hypoxic Walking Training in Obese Patients
Effects of Hypoxic Repeated Sprint Training on Performance in Normoxia in Male and Female Athletes Participating in Team/Racket Sports
Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 280 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy of intermittent hypoxic training modalities on athletes' performance: a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analyses.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia Protocols on Physical Performance in Trained and Untrained Individuals: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Sports medicine - open · 2025Pooled it
- Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia Induced by Voluntary Hypoventilation at Low Lung Volume: A Meta-analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2025Pooled it
- Methodological and aerobic capacity adaptations of high-intensity interval training at different altitudes in distance runners: A comprehensive meta-analysis.Physiological reports · 2025Pooled it
- A multilevel meta-analysis of the effects of repeated sprint training in hypoxia on athletic performance.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Pooled it
- High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in Hypoxia Improves Maximal Aerobic Capacity More Than HIIT in Normoxia: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Applied Sport Science of Australian Football: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Pooled it
- Muscle Oximetry in Sports Science: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Pooled it
- The Effect of Natural or Simulated Altitude Training on High-Intensity Intermittent Running Performance in Team-Sport Athletes: A Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Pooled it
- Effects of Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia on Sea-Level Performance: A Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2017Pooled it
- Application of 'live low-train high' for enhancing normoxic exercise performance in team sport athletes.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2014Pooled it
- Effects of sprint interval training with voluntary hypoventilation on aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism in young men.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Exercise modality but not hypoxia alters heart rate variability after a single repeated-sprint session.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Effects ofNutrients · 2026Trial
- Dose-response effects of caffeine during repeated cycling sprints in normobaric hypoxia to exhaustion.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Trial
- Effects of 5-Wk Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia on Global Inspiratory and Core Muscle Functions.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2024Trial
- Effect of hypoxia and nitrate supplementation on different high-intensity interval-training sessions.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Trial
- Acute performance and physiological responses to repeated-sprint exercise in a combined hot and hypoxic environment.Physiological reports · 2020Trial
- Repeated sprint in hypoxia as a time-metabolic efficient strategy to improve physical fitness of obese women.European journal of applied physiology · 2020Trial
- Effects of all-out sprint interval training under hyperoxia on exercise performance.Physiological reports · 2019Trial
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) has been reported to evoke cellular responses via hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) but without substantial performance benefits in endurance athletes, we hypothesized that repeated sprint training in hypoxia could enhance repeated sprint ability (RSA) performed in normoxia via improved glycolysis and O(2) utilization. 40 trained subjects completed 8 cycling repeated sprint sessions in hypoxia (RSH, 3000 m) or normoxia (RSN, 485 m). Before (Pre-) and after (Post-) training, muscular levels of selected mRNAs were analyzed from resting muscle biopsies and RSA tested until exhaustion (10-s sprint, work-to-rest ratio 1:2) with muscle perfusion assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. From Pre- to Post-, the average power output of all sprints in RSA was increased (p<0.01) to the same extent (6% vs 7%, NS) in RSH and in RSN but the number of sprints to exhaustion was increased in RSH (9.4±4.8 vs. 13.0±6.2 sprints, p<0.01) but not in RSN (9.3±4.2 vs. 8.9±3.5). mRNA concentrations of HIF-1α (+55%), carbonic anhydrase III (+35%) and monocarboxylate transporter-4 (+20%) were augmented (p<0.05) whereas mitochondrial transcription factor A (-40%), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (-23%) and monocarboxylate transporter-1 (-36%) were decreased (p<0.01) in RSH only. Besides, the changes in total hemoglobin variations (Δ[tHb]) during sprints throughout RSA test increased to a greater extent (p<0.01) in RSH. Our findings show larger improvement in repeated sprint performance in RSH than in RSN with significant molecular adaptations and larger blood perfusion variations in active muscles.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.