ArticlePloS one2013
Toxoplasma gondii migration within and infection of human retina.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Total RNA and MicroRNA Transcriptomic Responses of Human Retinal Müller Glial Cells to Infection withOphthalmology science · 2026Article
- Disruption of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in RPE Cells Increases Resistance to Ocular Toxoplasmosis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Interferons andFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A New Ex Vivo Model Based on Mouse Retinal Explants for the Study of Ocular Toxoplasmosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- New advances in immune mechanism and treatment during ocular toxoplasmosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Round bodies in the outer plexiform layer in eyes with active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis.BMJ case reports · 2023Article
- Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Ocular Toxoplasmosis with Multiple Recurrences.International medical case reports journal · 2023Article
- Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: Facts and open questions.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- Implications of TORCH Diseases in Retinal Development-Special Focus on Congenital Toxoplasmosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs by Human Retinal Müller Glial Cells Infected with Clonal and Exotic VirulentNon-coding RNA · 2019Article
- Calling in the CaFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Advances and Challenges in Understanding Cerebral Toxoplasmosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Infection and characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in human induced neurons from patients with brain disorders and healthy controls.Microbes and infection · 2016Article
- Experimental Models of Ocular Infection with Toxoplasma Gondii.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2015Article
- From the blood to the brain: avenues of eukaryotic pathogen dissemination to the central nervous system.Current opinion in microbiology · 2015Review
- Real-time imaging of Toxoplasma-infected human monocytes under fluidic shear stress reveals rapid translocation of intracellular parasites across endothelial barriers.Cellular microbiology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is a common blinding retinal infection caused by the parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Basic processes relating to establishment of infection in the human eye by T. gondii tachyzoites have not been investigated. To evaluate the ability of tachyzoites to navigate the human retina, we developed an ex vivo assay, in which a suspension containing 1.5 × 10(7) parasites replaced vitreous in a posterior eyecup. After 8 hours, the retina was formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded, and sections were immunostained to identify tachyzoites. To determine the preference of tachyzoites for human retinal neuronal versus glial populations, we infected dissociated retinal cultures, subsequently characterized by neuron-specific enolase or glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, and retinal cell lines, with YFP-expressing tachyzoites. In migration assays, retinas contained 110-250 live tachyzoites; 64.5-95.2% (mean =79.6%) were localized to the nerve fiber layer, but some were detected in the outer retina. Epifluorescence imaging of dissociated retinal cultures 24 hours after infection indicated preferential infection of glia. This observation was confirmed in growth assays, with significantly higher (p ≤ 0.005) numbers of tachyzoites measured in glial verus neuronal cell lines. Our translational studies indicate that, after entering retina, tachyzoites may navigate multiple tissue layers. Tachyzoites preferentially infect glial cells, which exist throughout the retina. These properties may contribute to the success of T. gondii as a human pathogen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.