ArticleBMJ open2013
Estimating the relative contribution of parasitic infections and nutrition for anaemia among school-aged children in Kenya: a subnational geostatistical analysis.
Article in BMJ open, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Can the supplementary consumption of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruit pulp improve the hemoglobin levels and iron status of schoolchildren in Kenya? Findings of a randomized controlled intervention trial.European journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Assessment of community-level effects of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in schoolchildren in Jinja, Uganda (START-IPT trial): a cluster-randomised trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2018Trial
- Impact of intermittent screening and treatment for malaria among school children in Kenya: a cluster randomised trial.PLoS medicine · 2014Trial
- Spatial variation and clustering of anaemia prevalence in school-aged children in Western Kenya.PloS one · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Anemia Among Children and Adolescents in Rural Area of Khulais in Saudi Arabia.Cureus · 2022Article
- Schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminthiasis, and malaria co-infections among women of reproductive age in rural communities of Kwale County, coastal Kenya.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Effects of deworming medication on anaemia among children aged 6-59 months in sub-Saharan Africa.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Magnitude of anemia and associated factors among children aged 6-59 months at Debre Markos referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
- Assessment of nutritional anemia on the basis of dietary pattern estimation among the population of Garhwal Himalayan region.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2021Article
- Association of Malnutrition with Subsequent Malaria Parasitemia among Children Younger than Three years in Kenya: A Secondary Data Analysis of the Asembo Bay Cohort Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2021Article
- Anaemia among Kenyan children: a call for improved monitoring and intervention in school-aged children.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2020Article
- The association between child Schistosoma spp. infections and morbidity in an irrigated rice region in Mali: A localized study.Acta tropica · 2019Article
- Soil-transmitted helminth infection in school age children in Sierra Leone after a decade of preventive chemotherapy interventions.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2019Article
- Molecular basis of reduced LAIR1 expression in childhood severe malarial anaemia: Implications for leukocyte inhibitory signalling.EBioMedicine · 2019Article
- Early Childhood Anemia in a Birth Cohort in Coastal Kenya: Links to Infection and Nutrition.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Anemia among School-Age Children: Magnitude, Severity and Associated Factors in Pawe Town, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Northwest Ethiopia.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2018Article
- Effectiveness of Albendazole for Hookworm Varies Widely by Community and Correlates with Nutritional Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of School-Age Children in Ghana.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among schoolchildren in the Plateau Central and Centre-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo quantify geographical variation in the relative contribution of parasitic infections, socioeconomic factors and malnutrition in the aetiology of anaemia among schoolchildren across Kenya, thereby providing a rational basis for the targeting of an integrated school health package.
designNationally representative cross-sectional survey data were collected using standard protocols. For all included children, data were recorded on haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and common parasitic infections (Plasmodium falciparum, hookworm and schistosomes) and socioeconomic indicators. Ecological proxies of malnutrition and food security were generated using Demographic and Health Survey and UN Food and Agriculture Organization food security data, respectively. Spatially explicit, multilevel models were used to quantify impact upon child Hb concentration.
settingRandomly selected schools in ecologically diverse settings across Kenya.
main outcome measuresMean Hb concentration adjusted for infection, nutritional and socioeconomic risk factors; associated risk ratios and adjusted Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs) for anaemia, by region.
resultsData were available for 16 941 children in 167 schools; mean Hb was 122.1 g/l and 35.3% of children were anaemic. In multivariate analysis, mean Hb was significantly lower in boys and younger children. Severe malnutrition and interactions between P falciparum and hookworm infections were significantly associated with lower Hb, with greater impacts seen for coinfected children. The contribution of risk factors to anaemia risk varied by province: in 14-year-old girls, PAFs ranged between 0% and 27.6% for P falciparum, 0% and 29% for hookworm and 0% and 18.4% for severe malnutrition.
conclusionsThe observed geographical heterogeneity in the burden of anaemia attributable to different aetiological factors has important implications for the rational targeting of antianaemia interventions that can be included in an integrated school health programme.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.