ArticleDiabetes care2013
All-cause and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged people with type 2 diabetes compared with people without diabetes in a large U.K. primary care database.
Article in Diabetes care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of melatonin supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Cardiovascular outcomes of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2019 · on this mapPooled it
- Risk of all-cause and CHD mortality in women versus men with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of endocrinology · 2019Pooled it
- Usual Blood Pressure and Risk of New-Onset Diabetes: Evidence From 4.1 Million Adults and a Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- Weight-adjusted waist index and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease: NHANES 2005-2018 analysis of 5,381 adults.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Inhibition of miR-181c-5p Rescues Diabetes-Impaired Angiogenesis in Ischemia and Wound Healing.Diabetes · 2026Article
- Association of Remnant Cholesterol Inflammation Index with Cardiovascular Risks and All-Cause Mortality in Individuals with Diabetes or Prediabetes.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Observational
- Article
- Incremental prognostic value of ischemic score quantified by stress dynamic CT myocardial perfusion in patients with and without diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of abdominal obesity indices on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with pre-diabetes and diabetes: insights from a prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis: Frequency, Risk Factors and Effect on Outcome.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Effect of type-2 diabetes mellitus in long-term mortality in older adults: The NEDICES cohort study.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2025Review
- Opposite outcomes of triglyceride-glucose index and associated cardiovascular mortality risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus participants by different obesity criteria.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Joint association of the inflammatory marker and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: a national prospective study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association between all-cause mortality and vascular complications in U.S. adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (NHANES 1999-2018).Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Explainable artificial intelligence model predicting the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Modelling Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Chronic Oral Corticosteroids in the UK.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2024Article
- Unveiling impaired vascular function and cellular heterogeneity in diabetic donor-derived vascular organoids.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2024Article
- Alterations of outer retinal reflectivity in diabetic patients without clinically detectable retinopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMiddle-aged people with diabetes have been reported to have significantly higher risks of cardiovascular events than people without diabetes. However, recent falls in cardiovascular disease rates and more active management of risk factors may have abolished the increased risk. We aimed to provide an up-to-date assessment of the relative risks associated with type 2 diabetes of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged people in the U.K. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsUsing data from the General Practice Research Database, from 2004 to 2010, we conducted a cohort study of 87,098 people, 40-65 years of age at baseline, comparing 21,798 with type 2 diabetes and 65,300 without diabetes, matched on age, sex, and general practice. We produced hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality and compared rates of blood pressure testing, cholesterol monitoring, and use of aspirin, statins, and antihypertensive drugs. RESULTS People with type 2 diabetes, compared with people without diabetes, had a twofold increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 2.07 [95% CI 1.95-2.20], adjusted for smoking) and a threefold increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (3.25 [2.87-3.68], adjusted for smoking). Women had a higher relative risk than men, and people <55 years of age had a higher relative risk than those >55 years of age. Monitoring and medication rates were higher in those with diabetes (all P < 0.001).
conclusionsDespite efforts to manage risk factors, administer effective treatments, and develop new therapies, middle-aged people with type 2 diabetes remain at significantly increased risk of death.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.