ReviewThe Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology2013
Steroidogenesis in the skin: implications for local immune functions.
Review in The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 180 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
180 citing papers in PubMed, 370 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of a skin-massaging device on the ex-vivo expression of human dermis proteins and in-vivo facial wrinkles.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Topical Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade Limits Glucocorticoid-Induced Epidermal Atrophy in Human Skin.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Exploring the role of neuro-immune modulation for psoriasis management: a narrative review of existing evidence and future therapies.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Circadian Clock Regulates Epidermal Endocrine System in Homeostatic Skin Pigmentation.Experimental dermatology · 2026Article
- A 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1) Inhibitor, 11b-0048, Effectively Suppresses the Expression of 11β-HSD1 Activated in Cultured Keratinocytes and in Diabetic Murine Skin.Annals of dermatology · 2026Article
- Problems in the use of chemical and functional nomenclatures for steroids in human physiology, biology and pharmacology.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Negative Effect of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on Oogenesis and Meiotic Processes in Oocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Exposome involvement in the development of acne vulgaris.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Integrated Human System Framework: A Conceptual Model of Skin as a Biological Interface Across Health and Well-Being.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Review
- Potential of growth factors and steroid hormones from cell cultures to improveOpen veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Neuro-immuno-endocrinology of the skin: how environment regulates body homeostasis.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Cutaneous Hormone Sampling and Analysis for Dermatologic Research.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2025Review
- Drug repurposing reveals posaconazole as a CYP11A1 inhibitor enhancing anti-tumor immunity.iScience · 2025Article
- The IL-6 autocrine loop promoting IFN-γ-induced fibroblast senescence is involved in psychological stress-mediated exacerbation of vitiligo.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Perturbing local steroidogenesis to improve breast cancer immunity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Lacrimal Gland: Implications for Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Disrupted cholesterol biosynthesis and hair follicle stem cell impairment in the onset of alopecia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Research progress on the role of fascia in skin wound healing.Burns & trauma · 2025Review
120 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The skin has developed a hierarchy of systems that encompasses the skin immune and local steroidogenic activities in order to protect the body against the external environment and biological factors and to maintain local homeostasis. Most recently it has been established that skin cells contain the entire biochemical apparatus necessary for production of glucocorticoids, androgens and estrogens either from precursors of systemic origin or, alternatively, through the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone and its subsequent transformation to biologically active steroids. Examples of these products are corticosterone, cortisol, testosterone, dihydrotesterone and estradiol. Their local production can be regulated by locally produced corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or cytokines. Furthermore the production of glucocorticoids is affected by ultraviolet B radiation. The level of production and nature of the final steroid products are dependent on the cell type or cutaneous compartment, e.g., epidermis, dermis, adnexal structures or adipose tissue. Locally produced glucocorticoids, androgens and estrogens affect functions of the epidermis and adnexal structures as well as local immune activity. Malfunction of these steroidogenic activities can lead to inflammatory disorders or autoimmune diseases. The cutaneous steroidogenic system can also have systemic effects, which are emphasized by significant skin contribution to circulating androgens and/or estrogens. Furthermore, local activity of CYP11A1 can produce novel 7Δ-steroids and secosteroids that are biologically active. Therefore, modulation of local steroidogenic activity may serve as a new therapeutic approach for treatment of inflammatory disorders, autoimmune processes or other skin disorders. In conclusion, the skin can be defined as an independent steroidogenic organ, whose activity can affect its functions and the development of local or systemic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'CSR 2013'.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.