SynthesisEpidemiology and infection2013
Norovirus outbreaks: a systematic review of commonly implicated transmission routes and vehicles.
Synthesis in Epidemiology and infection, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- A 3-year wastewater-based epidemiology study of noroviruses in Senegal.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- A waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak caused by norovirus GII.9[P7] in Guangdong, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Current Perspectives and Future Directions in the Immunogenicity Landscape of Norovirus Vaccines.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Person-to-Person Transmission During a Norovirus Outbreak in a Korean Kindergarten: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Seasonality of respiratory, enteric, and urinary viruses revealed by wastewater genomic surveillance.mSphere · 2024Article
- Effect of Norovirus Inoculum Dose on Virus Kinetics, Shedding, and Symptoms.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Temperature Dependent Depuration of Norovirus GII and Tulane Virus from Oysters (Crassostrea gigas).Food and environmental virology · 2023Article
- Recombinant Noroviruses Circulating in Spain from 2016 to 2020 and Proposal of Two Novel Genotypes within Genogroup I.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Inactivation Mechanism and Efficacy of Grape Seed Extract for Human Norovirus Surrogate.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Assessment of Food and Waterborne Viral Outbreaks by Using Field Epidemiologic, Modern Laboratory and Statistical Methods-Lessons Learnt from Seven Major Norovirus Outbreaks in Finland.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Characteristics of GII.4 Norovirus Versus Other Genotypes in Sporadic Pediatric Infections in Davidson County, Tennessee, USA.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- A norovirus gastroenteritis outbreak in an Australian child-care center: A household-level analysis.PloS one · 2021Article
- Surveillance of the 'bud event of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis' in schools: does it work in the prevention of norovirus infection outbreaks in Shanghai?Epidemiology and infection · 2020Article
- Understanding the Importance of Contact Heterogeneity and Variable Infectiousness in the Dynamics of a Large Norovirus Outbreak.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Article
- Application of a multiplex salivary immunoassay to detect sporadic incident norovirus infections.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Challenges of investigating a large food-borne norovirus outbreak across all branches of a restaurant group in the United Kingdom, October 2016.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2019Article
- Norovirus waterborne outbreak in Chalkidiki, Greece, 2015: detection of GI.P2_GI.2 and GII.P16_GII.13 unusual strains.Epidemiology and infection · 2019Article
- Norovirus Outbreak Associated with Swimming in a Recreational Lake Not Influenced by External Human Fecal Sources in The Netherlands, August 2012.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Causal mechanisms of norovirus outbreaks are often not revealed. Understanding the transmission route (e.g. foodborne, waterborne, or environmental) and vehicle (e.g. shellfish or recreational water) of a norovirus outbreak, however, is of great public health importance; this information can facilitate interventions for an ongoing outbreak and regulatory action to limit future outbreaks. Towards this goal, we conducted a systematic review to examine whether published outbreak information was associated with the implicated transmission route or vehicle. Genogroup distribution was associated with transmission route and food vehicle, but attack rate and the presence of GII.4 strain were not associated with transmission route, food vehicle, or water vehicle. Attack rate, genogroup distribution, and GII.4 strain distribution also varied by other outbreak characteristics (e.g. setting, season, hemisphere). These relationships suggest that different genogroups exploit different environmental conditions and thereby can be used to predict the likelihood of various transmission routes or vehicles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.