ReviewAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2013
Fetal regulatory T cells and peripheral immune tolerance in utero: implications for development and disease.
Review in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulatory T Cells in Pregnancy Adverse Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Hepatic control of immunometabolism: implications for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Developmental timing distinguishes pediatric and adult cancers through retention and rewiring mechanisms.Nature communications · 2026Review
- A mother's touch: microbial guardians of early immune imprinting.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity of Fetal Liver-Derived Progenitor and Stem Cells: Expression of MHC Molecules.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Article
- Prenatal Delivery of Enzyme Replacement Therapy to Fetuses Affected by Early-Onset Lysosomal Storage Diseases.American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics · 2025Review
- The role of regulatory T cells in infant HIV pathogenesis: therapeutic strategies.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy or early infancy and the risk of autoimmune disease in children: A nationwide cohort study in Korea.PLoS medicine · 2025Article
- Lifelong partners: Gut microbiota-immune cell interactions from infancy to old age.Mucosal immunology · 2025Review
- Neonatal T cells unleash innate powers to combat congenital cytomegalovirus infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Graft Source Choice.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Increased fetal microchimerism in immune and stem cell subsets in preeclampsia.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2023Article
- Cellular activation pathways and interaction networks in vascularized composite allotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- Understanding the Immune System in Fetal Protection and Maternal Infections during Pregnancy.Journal of immunology research · 2022Review
- Prenatal alcohol-induced sex differences in immune, metabolic and neurobehavioral outcomes in adult rats.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
- Human CD36Immunology · 2021Article
- Effect of SOCS3 on apoptosis of human trophoblasts via adjustment of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in preterm birth.Translational pediatrics · 2021Article
- Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The developing fetus must actively learn to tolerate benign antigens or suffer the consequences of broken tolerance. Tolerance of self-antigens prevents development of autoimmune diseases and is achieved by both deletion of autoreactive T cell clones in the thymus (central tolerance) and by the suppressive influence of CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the periphery. Fetal CD4(+) T cells have a strong predisposition to differentiate into tolerogenic Tregs that actively promote self-tolerance, as well as tolerance to non-inherited antigens on chimeric maternal cells that reside in fetal tissues. As the fetus nears birth, a crucial transition must occur between the tolerogenic fetal immune system and a more defensive adult-type immune system that is able to combat pathogens. This paper will review the unique tolerogenic nature of fetal T cells and will examine evidence for a novel model of fetal immune development: the layered immune system hypothesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.