Trial reportActa diabetologica2013
Effects of insulin glargine versus metformin on glycemic variability, microvascular and beta-cell function in early type 2 diabetes.
Trial report in Acta diabetologica, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early insulin initiation in type 2 diabetes: efficacy, safety, and clinical implications: a systematic review with narrative synthesis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing efficacy and safety outcomes of insulin glargine with NPH insulin, premixed insulin preparations or with insulin detemir in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Acta diabetologica · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- Influence of insulin and glargine on outgrowth and number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in type 2 diabetes patients: a partially double-blind, randomized, three-arm unicenter study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2014Trial
- Impact of treatment modality on cognition in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Clinical research progress on β-cell dysfunction in T2DM development in the Chinese population.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- What is Glycaemic Variability and which Pharmacological Treatment Options are Effective? A Narrative Review.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Metformin's Impact on the Microvascular Response to Insulin.Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Rationale for Timely Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Within the Framework of Individualised Treatment: 2020 Update.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2020Review
- Clinical outcomes of basal insulin and oral antidiabetic agents as an add-on to dual therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Impact of acute-phase insulin secretion on glycemic variability in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.Endocrine · 2020Article
- Influence of Timing of Insulin Initiation on Long-term Glycemic Control in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2019Article
- Comparison of Glycemic Variability in Chinese T2DM Patients Treated with Exenatide or Insulin Glargine: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2018Article
- Distinct impacts of sleep-disordered breathing on glycemic variability in patients with and without diabetes mellitus.PloS one · 2017Article
- Early Treatment with Basal Insulin Glargine in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Lessons from ORIGIN and Other Cardiovascular Trials.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2016Review
- IDegLira Versus Alternative Intensification Strategies in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Basal Insulin Therapy.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2015 · on this mapArticle
- A real-world study of the effect of timing of insulin initiation on outcomes in older medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2015Article
- Basal insulin combined incretin mimetic therapy with glucagon-like protein 1 receptor agonists as an upcoming option in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a practical guide to decision making.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2014Review
- Insulin glargine effectively achieves glycemic control and improves insulin resistance in patients with early type 2 diabetes that exhibit a high risk for cardiovascular disease.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2014Article
- Clinical evidence for the earlier initiation of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We investigated whether basal insulin as first-line treatment in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) can improve glucose control, microvascular function and preserve insulin secretion in comparison with metformin (MET). In this open-label, randomized, prospective 36-week study, 75 patients (44 m, 31 f, mean age 60.7 ± 9.2 year) were allocated to treatment with either MET 1,000 mg b.i.d. (n = 36) or insulin glargine (GLA) at bedtime (n = 39). At baseline and study end, we performed a continuous glucose monitoring for assessment of interstitial glucose (IG) and measured microvascular function using Laser-Doppler fluxmetry. GLA versus MET treatment resulted in a more pronounced reduction in FPG (Δ: 3.1 ± 2.5 vs. 1.4 ± 1.5 mmol/l; p < 0.001) and overall IG (Δ AUC. 671 ± 507 vs. 416 ± 537 mmol/l min; p = 0.04). Postprandial PG and IG differences after a standardized test meal did not reach significance. Proinsulin/C-peptide and HOMA B as marker of endogenous insulin secretion were significantly more improved by GLA. Microvascular blood flow improved only in MET-treated patients. Early basal insulin treatment with GLA in T2D patients provided a better control of FPG, overall IG load and biomarker of beta-cell function compared to the standard treatment with MET. MET treatment resulted in an improvement of microvascular function. Studies of longer duration are needed to evaluate the durability of glucose control and β cell protection with early GLA treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.