Trial reportThe American journal of psychiatry2013
Effect of a nicotine vaccine on nicotine binding to β2*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in vivo in human tobacco smokers.
Trial report in The American journal of psychiatry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccines as a preventive tool for substance use disorder: A systematic review including a meta-analysis on nicotine vaccines' immunogenicity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- NICBrain sciences · 2025Article
- Vaccines to Treat Substance Use Disorders: Current Status and Future Directions.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Current Trends and Perspectives in the Immune Therapy for Substance Use Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- A Review of Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Substance Use Disorders: Current Status and Future Prospects.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2022Review
- Computational mining of MHC class II epitopes for the development of universal immunogenic proteins.PloS one · 2022Article
- Attenuating nicotine's effects with high affinity human anti-nicotine monoclonal antibodies.PloS one · 2021Article
- Modulation of immune responses using adjuvants to facilitate therapeutic vaccination.Immunological reviews · 2020Review
- Opioid Dose- and Route-Dependent Efficacy of Oxycodone and Heroin Vaccines in Rats.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2018Article
- Article
- Biologics to treat substance use disorders: Current status and new directions.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Review
- A simple physiologically based pharmacokinetic model evaluating the effect of anti-nicotine antibodies on nicotine disposition in the brains of rats and humans.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2016Article
- Immunogenicity of a peptide-based anti-IgE conjugate vaccine in non-human primates.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2016Article
- Biologic Approaches to Treat Substance-Use Disorders.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2015Review
- Evaluation of [(18)F]-(-)-norchlorofluorohomoepibatidine ([(18)F]-(-)-NCFHEB) as a PET radioligand to image the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in non-human primates.Nuclear medicine and biology · 2015Article
- Involvement of neuronal β2 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in nicotine reward and withdrawal: implications for pharmacotherapies.Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics · 2014Review
- Article
- New directions in nicotine vaccine design and use.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2014Review
- Effects of an oxycodone conjugate vaccine on oxycodone self-administration and oxycodone-induced brain gene expression in rats.PloS one · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveNicotine promotes smoking partly by binding to β2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (β2*-nAChRs) in the brain. Smoking one tobacco cigarette results in occupation of 80% of β2*-nAChRs for more than 6 hours. This likely contributes to maintenance of smoking dependence and cessation difficulty. Developing nicotine vaccines could improve treatments. The authors used [123I]5-I-A-85380 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to evaluate the effect of 3'-AmNic-rEPA on the amount of nicotine that binds to β2*-nAChRs in smokers' brain cortical and subcortical regions.
methodEleven smokers who smoked an average of 19 cigarettes per day, had smoked for 10 years on average, and met criteria for nicotine dependence were given SPECT scans on two days: before and after immunization with 4-400 μg of 3'-AmNic-rEPA. On scan days, three 30-minute baseline emission scans were followed by intravenous administration of nicotine (1.5 mg/70 kg body weight) and up to nine 30-minute emission scans.
resultsβ2*-nAChR availability was quantified as VT/fP (total distribution volume divided by free plasma concentration), and nicotine binding was derived by the Lassen plot approach. Immunization led to a 12.5% reduction in nicotine binding. Nicotine bound to β2*-nAChRs correlated positively with nicotine injected before but not after vaccination. The daily number of cigarettes and desire for a cigarette decreased after vaccination.
conclusionsThis proof-of-concept study demonstrates that immunization with nicotine vaccine can reduce the amount of nicotine binding to β2*-nAChRs and disrupt the relationship between administered nicotine and nicotine available to occupy β2*-nAChRs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.