ArticleInflammatory bowel diseases2013
Early life factors and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in adulthood.
Article in Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breastfeeding Duration Is Not Associated With Offspring Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk in Three Population-Based Birth Cohorts.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review with meta-analysis: breastfeeding and the risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2017Pooled it
- The exposome and inflammatory bowel disease: a framework for primary and primordial prevention.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Bibliometric analysis of reviews of outcomes for adults with a complex perinatal history.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Tobacco Smoke Exposure From Prenatal To Adolescent Periods Drives IBD Pathogenesis: Dynamic DNA Methylation Signatures Across Lifespan Stages.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Impact of maternal and offspring smoking and breastfeeding on oesophageal cancer in adult offspring.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- An Overview of the Influence of Breastfeeding on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Article
- DietaryAnimal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2022Article
- Dietary L-Arginine or N-Carbamylglutamate Alleviates Colonic Barrier Injury, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation by Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota in Intrauterine Growth-Retarded Suckling Lambs.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Risk Factors for Incident Inflammatory Bowel Disease According to Disease Phenotype.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2022Article
- Birthweight and subsequent risk for thyroid and autoimmune conditions in postmenopausal women.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2022Article
- Human Breast Milk: From Food to Active Immune Response With Disease Protection in Infants and Mothers.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Diet and nutrition in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Early life exposures and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: Systematic review and meta-analyses.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- Diet, gut microbes, and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2017Review
- Influence of environmental factors on the onset and course of inflammatory bowel disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2016Review
- Advances in nutritional therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases: Review.World journal of gastroenterology · 2016Review
- Dietary management of IBD--insights and advice.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2015Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly life factors have been postulated to play a role in development of immune tolerance and intestinal microbiome, which in turn may influence the risk of inflammatory bowel disease.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 60,186 U.S. women enrolled since 1976 in the Nurses Health Study (NHS) I and 86,495 women enrolled since 1989 in the NHS II with no history of ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). Information about breastfeeding, birth weight, and preterm birth were collected in 1992 in NHS I and 1991 in NHS II. Diagnoses of CD and UC were confirmed through review of medical records. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
resultsAmong 146,681 women over 3,373,726 person-years of follow-up, we documented 248 cases of CD and 304 cases of UC through 2007 in NHS II and 2008 in NHS I. The median age of diagnosis was 51 for CD and 49 for UC. Compared with women who were not breastfed, women who were breastfed had multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.76-1.30) for CD and 1.03 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-1.32) for UC. Similarly, low or high birth weight and preterm birth were not significantly associated with risk of UC or CD.
conclusionsIn 2 large prospective cohorts of U.S. women, we did not observe a significant association between early life factors including having been breastfed, birth weight, preterm birth, and risk of adult-onset UC and CD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.