ArticleNutrients2013
Effect of malnutrition on the expression of cytokines involved in Th1 cell differentiation.
Article in Nutrients, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on the Immune System in Combat Sports Athletes: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
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- IFN-γ-Driven macrophage responses in the immunity toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Sex-specific associations of the controlling nutritional status score with diabetic kidney disease among Chinese individuals: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the impact of controlling nutritional status score on diabetic retinopathy: findings of 2003-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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- Dietary zinc deficiency promotes Acinetobacter baumannii lung infection via IL-13 in mice.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections in Pediatric Patients Hospitalized at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Western Saudi Arabia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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- Mechanisms of Kwashiorkor-Associated Immune Suppression: Insights From Human, Mouse, and Pig Studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Nontyphoidal Salmonella among Children under 5 Years Old in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2021Article
- Article
- INTERGROWTH-21 Identifies High Prevalence of Low Symphysis-Fundal Height in Indigenous Pregnant Women Experiencing Multiple Infections, Nutrient Deficiencies, and Inflammation: The Maternal Infections, Nutrient Deficiencies, and Inflammation (MINDI) Cohort.Current developments in nutrition · 2021Article
- Impact of Preoperative Malnutrition on Postoperative Long-Term Outcomes of Patients With Pancreatic Head Cancer.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2021Article
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- Infection in the Developing Brain: The Role of Unique Systemic Immune Vulnerabilities.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- Impact of Heat-KilledNutrients · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Malnutrition is a common cause of secondary immune deficiency and has been linked to an increased susceptibility to infection in humans. Malnutrition specifically affects T-cell-mediated immune responses. The aim of this study was to assess in lymphocytes from malnourished children the expression levels of IL-12, IL-18 and IL-21, molecules that induce the differentiation of T cells related to the immunological cellular response (Th1 response) and the production of cytokines related to the immunological cellular response (Th1 cytokines). We found that the expression levels of IL-12, IL-18 and IL-21 were significantly diminished in malnourished children compared to well-nourished children and were coincident with lower plasmatic levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ (Th1 cytokines). In this study, we show for the first time that the gene expression and intracellular production of cytokines responsible for Th1 cell differentiation (IL-12, IL-18 and IL-21) are diminished in malnourished children. As expected, this finding was related to lower plasmatic levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ. The decreased expression of Th1 cytokines observed in this study may contribute to the deterioration of the immunological Type 1 (cellular) response. We hypothesize that the decreased production of IL-12, IL-18 and IL-21 in malnourished children contributes to their inability to eradicate infections.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.