ArticleJournal of medical entomology2013
Staphylococcus aureus in the house fly: temporospatial fate of bacteria and expression of the antimicrobial peptide defensin.
Article in Journal of medical entomology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of human pathogens carried by the housefly (Musca domestica L.).BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- The Ground Beetle Poecilus (Carabidae) Gut Microbiome and Its Functionality.Microbial ecology · 2025Article
- Removal of leftover feed shapes environmental microbiota and limits houseflies-mediated dispersion of pathogenic bacteria in sow breeding farms.Animal microbiome · 2024Article
- House Flies Are Underappreciated Yet Important Reservoirs and Vectors of Microbial Threats to Animal and Human Health.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Sequencing to identify pathogens inFrontiers in insect science · 2023Article
- Role of Staphylococcus agnetis and Staphylococcus hyicus in the Pathogenesis of Buffalo Fly Skin Lesions in Cattle.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and their toxin genes inhabit on the scorpions surface.Archives of microbiology · 2022Article
- Pathogens associated with houseflies from different areas within a New York State dairy.JDS communications · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial peptide expression in the cockroach gut during enterobacterial infection is specific and influenced by type III secretion.Biology open · 2022Article
- Livestock-associated MRSA survival on house flies (Musca domestica) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) after removal from a Danish pig farm.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Frequency and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Species Isolated from the Body Surface of the Housefly (Journal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2020Article
- Multidrug-ResistantInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Fly foregut and transmission of microbes.Advances in insect physiology · 2019Article
- Structural and metabolic responses of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms to hyperosmotic and antibiotic stress.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2018Article
- Dose-Dependent Effects on Replication and Persistence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae).Journal of medical entomology · 2018Article
- Fungi Isolated From House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on Penned Cattle in South Texas.Journal of medical entomology · 2017Article
- Rapid Expansion of Immune-Related Gene Families in the House Fly, Musca domestica.Molecular biology and evolution · 2017Article
- Maltodextrin enhances biofilm elimination by electrochemical scaffold.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Dose-dependent fate of GFP-expressing Escherichia coli in the alimentary canal of adult house flies.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2016Article
- Vancomycin and maltodextrin affect structure and activity of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
House flies disseminate numerous species of bacteria acquired during feeding and breeding activities in microbe-rich habitats. Previous house fly surveys have detected the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 1884, which causes cutaneous and septic infections in mammals, and enterotoxic food poisoning. We assessed the fate of GFP-expressing S. aureus (GFP-S. aureus) in the house fly alimentary canal with microscopy and by culture of whole flies and excreta. Furthermore, the concurrent expression of the antimicrobial peptide gene defensin was measured in the crop, proventriculus, midgut, and fat body. As soon as 4 h postingestion (PI), GFP-S. aureus were visualized as cocci or diplococci in the hindgut and rectum of flies fed approximately equal 10(5) colony forming units. Bacteria persisted up to 6 h PI but significantly decreased. Excretion of viable GFP-S. aureus peaked at 2 h PI and, although significantly less, continued up to 4 h PI. defensin was highly upregulated locally in the alimentary canal and systemically in fat body at 2, 4, and 6 h PI making this study the first to report, to our knowledge, an epithelial and systemic response to a bacterium with lysine-type peptidoglycan in flies exposed via feeding. While flies harbored S. aureus for up to 6 h PI, the highest probability of vectoring biologically relevant amounts of bacteria occurred 0-2 h PI. The combined effects of excretion, digestion and antimicrobial effectors likely contribute to loss of ingested bacteria. Nonetheless, house flies are relevant vectors for S. aureus up to 2 h PI and environmental reservoirs up to 6 h PI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.