ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2013
The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα are neurotrophic for enteric neurons.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotypic switching of gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells and the regulatory role of macrophages: a literature review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Parabacteroides goldsteinii mitigates parkinsonism in LRRK2 mutant mice by reducing neuroinflammation through Gut-Brain axis.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Neuronal responses to cytokines limit intestinal hypermotility and systemic effects of colonic inflammation.iScience · 2026Article
- Macrophage Immune-Competent Colon Assembloids for Functional Interrogation of Neuroinflammation-Induced Colonic Dysmotility.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
- Metabolite Signatures and Particle Size as Determinants of Anti-Inflammatory and Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Modulation byFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effect of Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody on Enteric Neurons and Enteric Glial Cells in Experimental Colitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Altered Esophageal Smooth Muscle Phenotype in Achalasia.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2024Article
- Non-coding RNAs and Exosomal Non-coding RNAs in Traumatic Brain Injury: the Small Player with Big Actions.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Gut Region-Specific Interleukin 1β Induction in Different Myenteric Neuronal Subpopulations of Type 1 Diabetic Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Gut region-specific TNFR expression: TNFR2 is more affected than TNFR1 in duodenal myenteric ganglia of diabetic rats.World journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- Review
- Osteoclast-derived extracellular vesicles are implicated in sensory neurons sprouting through the activation of epidermal growth factor signaling.Cell & bioscience · 2022Article
- Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in rats with TNBS-induced colitis.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Obligatory Activation of SRC and JNK by GDNF for Survival and Axonal Outgrowth of Postnatal Intestinal Neurons.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- The Role of Inflammatory Mediators in the Development of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Microglia modulate proliferation, neurite generation and differentiation of human neural progenitor cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- A functional network of highly pure enteric neurons in a dish.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Enteric neuroimmune interactions coordinate intestinal responses in health and disease.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Enteric glial biology, intercellular signalling and roles in gastrointestinal disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation causes initial axonal degeneration and neuronal death but subsequent axon outgrowth from surviving neurons restores innervation density to the target smooth muscle cells. Elsewhere, the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β cause neurotoxicity, leading us to test their role in promoting enteric neuron death. In a rat coculture model, TNFα or IL-1β did not affect neuron number but did promote significant neurite outgrowth to twofold that of control by 48 h, while other cytokines (e.g., IL-4, TGFβ) were without effect. TNFα or IL-1β activated the NFκB signaling pathway, and inhibition of NFκB signaling blocked the stimulation of neurite growth. However, nuclear translocation of NFκB in smooth muscle cells but not in adjacent neurons suggested a dominant role for smooth muscle cells. TNFα or IL-1β sharply increased both mRNA and protein for GDNF, while the neurotrophic effects of TNFα or IL-1β were blocked by the RET-receptor blocker vandetanib. Conditioned medium from cytokine-treated smooth muscle cells mimicked the neurotrophic effect, inferring that TNFα and IL-1β promote neurite growth through NFκB-dependent induction of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression in intestinal smooth muscle cells. In vivo, TNBS-colitis caused early nuclear translocation of NFκB in smooth muscle cells. Conditioned medium from the intact smooth muscle of the inflamed colon caused a 2.5-fold increase in neurite number in cocultures, while Western blotting showed a substantial increase in GDNF protein. Pro-inflammatory cytokines promote neurite growth through upregulation of GDNF, a novel process that may facilitate re-innervation of smooth muscle cells and a return to homeostasis following initial damage.
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Registered trials
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