ArticlePloS one2013
Human chorionic gonadotropin β induces migration and invasion via activating ERK1/2 and MMP-2 in human prostate cancer DU145 cells.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine and paracrine characteristics of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- LK-1: an investigational therapy targeting hCG-β in metastatic breast, bladder, ovarian, and cervical cancers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pan-cancer analysis reveals molecular signatures for predicting matrix stiffness in solid tumors.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
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- Aberrant trophoblastic differentiation in human cancer: An emerging novel therapeutic target (Review).Oncology reports · 2024Review
- ANGPTL4 regulates ovarian cancer progression by activating the ERK1/2 pathway.Cancer cell international · 2024Article
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- Comprehensive analysis of regulation of DNA methyltransferase isoforms in human breast tumors.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2021Review
- Unconventional Actions of Glycoprotein Hormone Subunits: A Comprehensive Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Review
- β-hCG-induced mutant BRCA1 ignites drug resistance in susceptible breast tissue.Carcinogenesis · 2019Article
- β-hCG promotes epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis through ERK/MMP2 signaling pathway.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2019Article
- Sulforaphane from Cruciferous Vegetables: Recent Advances to Improve Glioblastoma Treatment.Nutrients · 2018Review
- miR-143-3p regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting IGF1R and IGFBP5 and regulating the Ras/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
- BRCA1 regulation on β-hCG: a mechanism for tumorigenicity in BRCA1 defective breast cancer.Oncogenesis · 2017Article
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Article
- Increased nuclear stiffness via FAK-ERK1/2 signaling is necessary for synthetic mechano-growth factor E peptide-induced tenocyte migration.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Maternal-fetal conflict, genomic imprinting and mammalian vulnerabilities to cancer.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2024-11-19Duplication of/in Image · Euphemisms for Duplication · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Objections by Author(s) · Unreliable Data · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that human chorionic gonadotropin β (hCGβ) induced migration and invasion in human prostate cancer cells. However, the involved molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we established a stable prostate cancer cell line overexpressing hCGβ and tested hCGβ-triggered signaling pathways causing cell migration and invasion. ELISA showed that the hCGβ amount secreted into medium increased with culture time after the hCGβ-transfected cells were incubated for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h. More, hCGβ standards promoted MAPK (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and increased MMP-2 expression and activity in both dose- and time-dependent manners in hCGβ non-transfected cells. In addition, hCGβ promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation and increased MMP-2 expression and activity significantly in hCGβ transfected DU145 cells. Whereas ERK1/2 blocker PD98059 (25 µM) significantly downregulated phosphorylated ERK1/2 and MMP-2. Particularly, hCGβ promoted cell migration and invasion, yet the PD98059 diminished the hCGβ-induced cell motility under those conditions. These results indicated that hCGβ induced cell motility via promoting ERK1/2 phosphorylation and MMP-2 upregulation in human prostate cancer DU145 cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.