Trial reportDiabetes2013
Rac1 signaling is required for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and is dysregulated in insulin-resistant murine and human skeletal muscle.
Trial report in Diabetes, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coptidis Rhizoma for Obesity, Diabetes, and Dyslipidemia: An Integrated Meta-Analysis and In Silico Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Insulin resistance in the 21st century: new takes on an old problem-2025 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- The Transcriptomic Landscape and Regulatory Signaling Features of Bovine Skeletal Muscle Cells Used for Cultured Meat Production.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dietary energy levels regulate feed intake of broilers through the brain-gut axis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Rac/Cdc42 inhibitors target pancreatic cancer cells and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.Cancer treatment and research communications · 2026Article
- TAS1R3 Regulates GTPase Signaling in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells for Glucose Uptake.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cardiomyocyte Rac1 signaling in hypertrophy, arrhythmia, and cardiac stress adaptation.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology plus · 2025Review
- Inhibition of Unc119b improves insulin sensitivity through potentiation of Rac1 activation in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue.Molecular metabolism · 2025Article
- The insulin signalling network.Nature metabolism · 2025Review
- Molecular and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Statins in Inflammation and Cancer Therapeutics with Emphasis on the NF-κB, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Cytokine Regulatory Axes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- P-Rex2 suppresses glucose uptake into liver and skeletal muscle through different adaptor functions.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unraveling Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms and the Restorative Role of Exercise.Circulation research · 2025Review
- Muscle-specific AXIN1 and AXIN2 double knockout does not alter AMPK/mTORC1 signalling or glucose metabolism.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Insulin- and exercise-induced phosphoproteomics of human skeletal muscle identify REPS1 as a regulator of muscle glucose uptake.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Focal Adhesion Kinase Orchestrates GLUT4 Translocation and Glucose Uptake via Cytoskeletal Turnover in Primary Adipocytes.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- P21-activated kinase-1 signaling is required to preserve adipose tissue homeostasis and cardiac function.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Article
- β2-Chimaerin, a GTPase-Activating Protein for Rac1, Is a Novel Regulator of Hepatic Insulin Signaling and Glucose Metabolism.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- AMPK as a mediator of tissue preservation: time for a shift in dogma?Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- PAK4 phosphorylates and inhibits AMPKα to control glucose uptake.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Positive Effects of Physical Activity on Insulin Signaling.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton-regulating GTPase Rac1 is required for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in cultured muscle cells. However, involvement of Rac1 and its downstream signaling in glucose transport in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant mature skeletal muscle has not previously been investigated. We hypothesized that Rac1 and its downstream target, p21-activated kinase (PAK), are regulators of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse and human skeletal muscle and are dysregulated in insulin-resistant states. Muscle-specific inducible Rac1 knockout (KO) mice and pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 were used to determine whether Rac1 regulates insulin-stimulated glucose transport in mature skeletal muscle. Furthermore, Rac1 and PAK1 expression and signaling were investigated in muscle of insulin-resistant mice and humans. Inhibition and KO of Rac1 decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles ex vivo. Rac1 KO mice showed decreased insulin and glucose tolerance and trended toward higher plasma insulin concentrations after intraperitoneal glucose injection. Rac1 protein expression and insulin-stimulated PAK(Thr423) phosphorylation were decreased in muscles of high fat-fed mice. In humans, insulin-stimulated PAK activation was decreased in both acute insulin-resistant (intralipid infusion) and chronic insulin-resistant states (obesity and diabetes). These findings show that Rac1 is a regulator of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and a novel candidate involved in skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.