ArticleBritish journal of cancer2013
The interaction between smoking status and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use on the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in a cohort of HIV-infected men.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking and vaping alter genes related to mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The European respiratory journal · 2024Pooled it
- Kaposi Sarcoma, a Trifecta of Pathogenic Mechanisms.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- RETRACTED: Androgen receptor transactivates KSHV noncoding RNA PAN to promote lytic replication-mediated oncogenesis: A mechanism of sex disparity in KS.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-Associated Cutaneous Kaposi's Sarcoma: Clinical, HIV-Related, and Sociodemographic Predictors of Outcome.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2021Article
- Antiretroviral therapy and Kaposi's sarcoma trends and outcomes among adults with HIV in Latin America.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Observational
- High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and risk of cancer in HIV-infected subjects: Data from the ICONA Foundation Cohort.Medicine · 2016Observational
- HIV and smoking: associated risks and prevention strategies.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough the independent effects of smoking status and HAART are reported as lower risks against KS, their combined effects have not been explored. We examined whether there is an interaction between smoking status and HAART use on the risk of KS development in an on-going US cohort of HIV-infected men.
methodsCox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse a total sample of 2736 participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).
resultsWe identified 530 incident KS cases with a total follow-up time of 26 594 person-years (incidence rate: 2.00 out of 100 person-years). Current smoking status and HAART use were independently associated with a lower risk of KS development (hazard ratio - HR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.35-0.90, P=0.02 and HR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.16-0.48, P<0.0001, respectively). There was no evidence of multiplicative interaction between current smoking status and HAART use on KS risk (HR=2.14, 95% CI: 0.97-4.73, Pinteraction=0.06). Lower effect of smoking was only present among those not on HAART (HR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.35-0.92, P=0.02).
conclusionThe inverse association of cigarette smoking on KS risk may be limited to those not on HAART. The biological mechanism of smoking in KS carcinogenesis should be elucidated.
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