Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23415113›Full record

ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2013

Metformin: an old but still the best treatment for type 2 diabetes.

Lilian Beatriz Aguayo Rojas, Marilia Brito Gomes

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06611501 (Glycemic Regulation as Endometriosis Adjunct Treatment), which is not on this map. Cited by 222 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
222citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
16.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06611501 phase2active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Glycemic Regulation as Endometriosis Adjunct Treatment

TypeinterventionalSponsorBoston Children's HospitalRan2025 to 2027Enrolled14ConditionsPelvic Pain, EndometriosisArmsMetformin Hydrochloride, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

222 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 560 citations in OpenAlex.

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162 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lilian Beatriz Aguayo RojasDepartment of Medicine, Diabetes Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 setembro 77, Rio de Janeiro CEP20555-030, Brazil. lilian_aguayo@yahoo.com.
Marilia Brito Gomes
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro · BR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The management of T2DM requires aggressive treatment to achieve glycemic and cardiovascular risk factor goals. In this setting, metformin, an old and widely accepted first line agent, stands out not only for its antihyperglycemic properties but also for its effects beyond glycemic control such as improvements in endothelial dysfunction, hemostasis and oxidative stress, insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and fat redistribution. These properties may have contributed to the decrease of adverse cardiovascular outcomes otherwise not attributable to metformin's mere antihyperglycemic effects. Several other classes of oral antidiabetic agents have been recently launched, introducing the need to evaluate the role of metformin as initial therapy and in combination with these newer drugs. There is increasing evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies supporting its anti-proliferative role in cancer and possibly a neuroprotective effect. Metformin's negligible risk of hypoglycemia in monotherapy and few drug interactions of clinical relevance give this drug a high safety profile. The tolerability of metformin may be improved by using an appropiate dose titration, starting with low doses, so that side-effects can be minimized or by switching to an extended release form. We reviewed the role of metformin in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and describe the additional benefits beyond its glycemic effect. We also discuss its potential role for a variety of insulin resistant and pre-diabetic states, obesity, metabolic abnormalities associated with HIV disease, gestational diabetes, cancer, and neuroprotection.

Identifiers

PMID23415113
PMCPMC3607889
OpenAlexW2119008227

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.