ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2013
Environmental conditions, immunologic phenotypes, atopy, and asthma: new evidence of how the hygiene hypothesis operates in Latin America.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adjuvant treatment with the bacterial lysate (OM-85) improves management of atopic dermatitis: A randomized study.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Microbial Dysbiosis Tunes the Immune Response Towards Allergic Disease Outcomes.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Review
- Understanding and controlling asthma in Latin America: A review of recent research informed by the SCAALA programme.Clinical and translational allergy · 2023Review
- Article
- New variants in NLRP3 inflammasome genes increase risk for asthma andCytokine: X · 2020Article
- Genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D pathway influence 25(OH)D levels and are associated with atopy and asthma.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2020Article
- Soil-transmitted helminth parasites and allergy: Observations from Ecuador.Parasite immunology · 2019Review
- Variants in the IL17 pathway genes are associated with atopic asthma and atopy makers in a South American population.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2019Article
- Suggestive association between variants in IL1RAPL and asthma symptoms in Latin American children.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2017Article
- Applied immuno-epidemiological research: an approach for integrating existing knowledge into the statistical analysis of multiple immune markers.BMC immunology · 2016Article
- Effects of poor hygiene on cytokine phenotypes in children in the tropics.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2016Article
- The Role of Helminth Infection and Environment in the Development of Allergy: A Prospective Study of Newly-Arrived Ethiopian Immigrants in Israel.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Distinguishing Asthma Phenotypes Using Machine Learning Approaches.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2015Review
- Meteorological conditions, climate change, new emerging factors, and asthma and related allergic disorders. A statement of the World Allergy Organization.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2015Article
- Mucosal immune responses following intestinal nematode infection.Parasite immunology · 2014Review
- Advances in pediatric asthma in 2013: coordinating asthma care.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2014Article
- Association between environmental factors and current asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema symptoms in school-aged children from Oropeza Province--Bolivia: a cross-sectional study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt has been proposed that improved hygiene and reduced experience of infections in childhood influences the development of allergic diseases. The mechanisms by which the hygiene operates are not well established but are underpinned by two apparently incompatible immunologic paradigms, the balance of TH1 versus TH2 cytokines and IL-10-mediated regulation of TH2 cytokines.
objectiveThis study defined immunologic phenotypes with the use of latent class analysis and investigated their associations with environmental factors, markers of allergy and asthma, in a Latin American population.
methodsWe studied 1127 children living in urban Brazil. Data on wheeze and environmental exposures were collected with standardized questionnaires. Atopy was measured by specific IgE in serum and skin prick test reactivity to aeroallergens. Cytokines were measured in culture after the stimulation of peripheral blood leukocytes with mitogen. Infections with pathogens were assessed by serology and stool examinations. Children were classified as having high or low burden of infection. Latent class analysis was used to identify immune phenotypes on the basis of cytokine production. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the adjusted effects of environment and burden of infection on the immunologic phenotypes and the effect of the phenotypes on atopy and asthma.
resultsThree phenotypes were identified, labeled underresponsive, intermediate, and responsive. Children of more educated mothers, living in improved environmental conditions, and with a low burden of infection were significantly more likely to have the responsive phenotype. The responsive phenotype was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of atopy but not asthma.
conclusionOur findings contribute to a better understanding of the immune mechanisms by which the hygiene hypothesis operates in urban Latin America.
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