ArticleBMC psychiatry2013
The psychometric properties of the subscales of the GHQ-28 in a multi-ethnic maternal sample: results from the Born in Bradford cohort.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) as an outcome measurement in a randomized controlled trial in a Norwegian stroke population.BMC psychology · 2019Trial
- Psychological symptom clusters in pregnant women: a scoping review.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Psychometric Properties of the Behavioral-Emotional Regulation Questionnaire in Peruvian Adults (BERQ-PA).Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Estimating measurement equivalence of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire across ethnic groups in the UK.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Relationship between physical activity levels of Portuguese physical therapists and mental health during a COVID-19 pandemic: Being active is the key.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Antenatal depression and anxiety and early pregnancy BMI among White British and South Asian women: retrospective analysis of data from the Born in Bradford cohort.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Article
- Ethno-Specific Risk Factors for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Findings from the Born in Bradford Cohort Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2016Article
- Maternal psychological distress in primary care and association with child behavioural outcomes at age three.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2016Article
- Evaluation of ethnic disparities in detection of depression and anxiety in primary care during the maternal period: combined analysis of routine and cohort data.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2016Article
- The association between green space and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: moderating roles of socioeconomic status and physical activity.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2016Article
- Testing measurement invariance of the GHQ-28 in stroke patients.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2015Observational
- Psychological distress during pregnancy in a multi-ethnic community: findings from the born in Bradford cohort study.PloS one · 2013Article
- The prediction of postpartum depression: The role of the PRECEDE model and health locus of control.Journal of family medicine and primary careArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPoor maternal mental health can impact on children's development and wellbeing; however, there is concern about the comparability of screening instruments administered to women of diverse ethnic origin.
methodsWe used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to examine the subscale structure of the GHQ-28 in an ethnically diverse community cohort of pregnant women in the UK (N = 5,089). We defined five groups according to ethnicity and language of administration, and also conducted a CFA between four groups of 1,095 women who completed the GHQ-28 both during and after pregnancy.
resultsAfter item reduction, 17 of the 28 items were considered to relate to the same four underlying concepts in each group; however, there was variation in the response to individual items by women of different ethnic origin and this rendered between group comparisons problematic. The EFA revealed that these measurement difficulties might be related to variation in the underlying concepts being measured by the factors.
conclusionsWe found little evidence to recommend the use of the GHQ-28 subscales in routine clinical or epidemiological assessment of maternal women in populations of diverse ethnicity.
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