ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2013
Phonological deficits in specific language impairment and developmental dyslexia: towards a multidimensional model.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02622360 (Speech and Short-term Memory Functions in Dyslexia), which is not on this map. Cited by 109 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Speech and Short-term Memory Functions in Dyslexia: a Combined MEG and EEG Study
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Oral language deficits in familial dyslexia: A meta-analysis and review.Psychological bulletin · 2016Pooled it
- Beat synchronization predicts neural speech encoding and reading readiness in preschoolers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Trial
- Beyond Spelling: Oral and Written Expository Discourse Skills in Adolescents With Dyslexia.Dyslexia (Chichester, England) · 2026Article
- Examining complex academic language in children with dyslexia: a comparative analysis with curriculum standards.Annals of dyslexia · 2026Article
- Epilogue: language abilities in persons with dyslexia.Annals of dyslexia · 2026Article
- Dyslexia with and without developmental language disorder: Profile analysis.Annals of dyslexia · 2026Article
- Spoken language delay in toddlerhood predicts late childhood language outcomes in dyslexia: evidence from retrospective parent-report.Annals of dyslexia · 2026Article
- Phoneme Monitoring in Developmental Dyslexia: Pupillometric Evidence for Cognitive Rather than Acoustic Origins of Phonological Deficits.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Bridging the Gap Between Language and Literacy: Evidence from Interventions in Young Greek-Speaking Children with Developmental Language Disorder.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Investigation of Social Anxiety and Social Evaluative Stress in Autistic Children and Adolescents and Specific Learning Disorders.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Memory Consolidation in Adults With and Without Developmental Language Disorder and Dyslexia.International journal for research in learning disabilities · 2026Article
- Developmental Language Disorder and Risk of Dyslexia-Can They Be Told Apart?Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Validation and normative data for a new dynamic instrument evaluating phonological processing skills in Italian first-grade students.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Dyslexia in the twenty-first century: a commentary on the IDA definition of dyslexia.Annals of dyslexia · 2024Article
- Impaired Cortical Tracking of Speech in Children with Developmental Language Disorder.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Developmental Dyslexia: Insights from EEG-Based Findings and Molecular Signatures-A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Exploring Spanish writing abilities of children with developmental language disorder in expository texts.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Differences in Cortical Surface Area in Developmental Language Disorder.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Is Specific Learning Disorder Predicted by Developmental Language Disorder? Evidence from a Follow-Up Study on Italian Children.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Revisiting Multifactor Models of Dyslexia: Do They Fit Empirical Data and What Are Their Implications for Intervention?Brain sciences · 2023Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
An on-going debate surrounds the relationship between specific language impairment and developmental dyslexia, in particular with respect to their phonological abilities. Are these distinct disorders? To what extent do they overlap? Which cognitive and linguistic profiles correspond to specific language impairment, dyslexia and comorbid cases? At least three different models have been proposed: the severity model, the additional deficit model and the component model. We address this issue by comparing children with specific language impairment only, those with dyslexia-only, those with specific language impairment and dyslexia and those with no impairment, using a broad test battery of language skills. We find that specific language impairment and dyslexia do not always co-occur, and that some children with specific language impairment do not have a phonological deficit. Using factor analysis, we find that language abilities across the four groups of children have at least three independent sources of variance: one for non-phonological language skills and two for distinct sets of phonological abilities (which we term phonological skills versus phonological representations). Furthermore, children with specific language impairment and dyslexia show partly distinct profiles of phonological deficit along these two dimensions. We conclude that a multiple-component model of language abilities best explains the relationship between specific language impairment and dyslexia and the different profiles of impairment that are observed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.