ReviewEye (London, England)2013
Acute thyroid eye disease (TED): principles of medical and surgical management.
Review in Eye (London, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Critical Appraisal on Orbital Decompression for Thyroid Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Literature Search.Advances in therapy · 2015Pooled it
- Triglycerides as a predictor of activity and severity in thyroid eye disease: a multicentre study.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Evaluating and enhancing the performance of large language models in thyroid eye disease through customization and Chain-of-Thought strategies.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease Initiating Teprotumumab: A Real-World Cohort Study Using the Linked IRIS-Komodo Database.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Deep learning model for differentiating thyroid eye disease and orbital myositis on computed tomography (CT) imaging.Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of intravenous glucocorticoids in active thyroid eye disease patients with low clinical activity scores.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Quantifying anterior segment vascular changes in thyroid eye disease using optical coherence tomography angiography.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- The burden of illness in thyroid eye disease: current state of the evidence.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- No retinopathy after orbital irradiation in patients with thyroid eye disease - a follow up study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Critical infections in the head and neck: A pictorial review of acute presentations and complications.The neuroradiology journal · 2024Review
- Efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe corticosteroid-resistant thyroid eye disease: a prospective study.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Teprotumumab-Related Adverse Events in Thyroid Eye Disease: A Multicenter Study.Ophthalmology · 2024Observational
- Impact of sphenoid trigone size and extraocular muscle thickness on the outcome of lateral wall orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2024Article
- [Phasing and continuity of the treatment of thyroid eye disease in patients with Graves' disease].Problemy endokrinologii · 2023Article
- Macular retinal and choroidal thickness profile in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy compared to healthy individuals: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Article
- The Role of Thermal Camera in the Assessment of Thyroid Eye Disease Activity.Acta informatica medica : AIM : journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia & Herzegovina : casopis Drustva za medicinsku informatiku BiH · 2023Article
- Assessment of Choroidal Vascularity in Inactive Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy.Beyoglu eye journal · 2023Article
- Thyroid Eye Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Intraocular pressure improvement in patients receiving teprotumumab for the treatment of thyroid eye disease: a case series.Journal of medical case reports · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The active inflammatory phase of thyroid eye disease (TED) is mediated by the innate immune system, and management is aimed at aborting this self-limited period of autoimmune activity. In most patients with TED, ocular and adnexal changes are mild and management involves controlling thyroid dysfunction, cessation of smoking, and addressing ocular surface inflammation and exposure. In patients with acute moderate disease, this being sufficient to impair orbital functions, immunosuppression reduces the long-term sequelae of acute inflammation, and adjunctive fractionated low-dose orbital radiotherapy is used as a steroid-sparing measure. Elective surgery is often required following moderate TED, be it for proptosis, diplopia, lid retraction, or to debulk the eyelid, and this should be delayed until the disease is quiescent, with the patient stable and weaned off all immunosuppression. Thus, surgical intervention during the active phase of moderate disease is rarely indicated, although clinical experience suggests that, where there is significant orbital congestion, early orbital decompression can limit progression to more severe disease. Acute severe TED poses a major risk of irreversible loss of vision due to marked exposure keratopathy, 'hydraulic' orbital congestion, or compressive optic neuropathy. If performed promptly, retractor recession with or without a suture tarsorrhaphy protects the ocular surface from severe exposure and, in patients not responding to high-dose corticosteroid treatment, decompression of the deep medial orbital wall and floor can rapidly relieve compressive optic neuropathy, as well as alleviate the inflammatory and congestive features of raised orbital pressure.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.