ArticleParasitology research2013
Comparison of microscopy, rapid immunoassay, and molecular techniques for the detection of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum.
Article in Parasitology research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic accuracy of ARK Checker® C/G-DyLight® 488: simultaneous detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium by fluorescent antibody microscopy.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- The ileal crypt ultrastructural changes accompanying cryptosporidiosis in type 1 diabetic mouse model versus dexamethasone-immunocompromised mouse model.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2025Article
- Acute infectious gastroenteritis in childhood: the role of rapid multiplex molecular syndromic panels in diagnosis and clinical management.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2025Review
- Detection and molecular characterization of Blastocystis sp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in asymptomatic animals in southeastern Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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- Cryptosporidiosis in a Zoonotic Gastrointestinal Disorder Perspective: Present Status, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, and Treatment, Particularly in Immunocompromised Patients.Journal of tropical medicine · 2024Review
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- Burden and Epidemiology of Human IntestinalTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Review
- Portable on-chip colorimetric biosensing platform integrated with a smartphone for label/PCR-free detection of Cryptosporidium RNA.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Comparison of Three Real-Time PCR Assays Targeting the SSU rRNA Gene, the COWP Gene and the DnaJ-Like Protein Gene for the Diagnosis ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium: an emerging parasite in different water sources of 2010 flood-affected district Nowshera, Pakistan.Archives of microbiology · 2021Article
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- DetectingThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- An Overview of the Molecular Methods in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Infectious Diseases.International journal of microbiology · 2020Review
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- Giardia lamblia infection: review of current diagnostic strategies.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2019Review
- Evaluation of prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection in rural population of district Buner, Pakistan.PloS one · 2019Article
- First report of Giardia duodenalis infection in bamboo rats.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum are recognized as the most common protozoan infections in Saudi Arabia. Microscopic examination of stool samples, either direct or concentrated, for the recovery of G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites and C. parvum oocysts is still the most commonly used for the diagnosis of both parasites. We compared the conventional parasitological techniques of iodine-stained wet mount for G. lamblia and Kinyoun's acid-fast for C. parvum against ImmunoCard STAT® Cryptosporidium/Giardia and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detecting the 18S rRNA gene of G. lamblia and conventional PCR detecting the same gene of C. parvum at a tertiary hospital in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Out of 148 stool samples, 19 and 12 true positives were identified for G. lamblia and C. parvum, respectively, using a composite reference standard. In this case, true positives and negatives were considered as those with at least two positive or negative results out of the three tests. Both ImmunoCard STAT! and PCR methods were more sensitive than the microscopic tests of a single stool specimen of 85.7% (CI=62.6-96.2%) and 85.7% (CI=56.2-97.5%) for G. lamblia and C. parvum, respectively. However, specificity of microscopic tests was higher than other techniques for both parasites. Although PCR seems to be most sensitive for both G. lamblia and C. parvum, its low specificity may render its superiority over other techniques. When a single stool sample is used for detection of G. lamblia and C. parvum, better results can be obtained when coupled with serological testing. Although PCR is the most sensitive method for the detection of both G. lamblia and C. parvum, its use requires attention in relation to the increased possible false positives.
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