ArticlePLoS pathogens2013
Isolation of a novel swine influenza virus from Oklahoma in 2011 which is distantly related to human influenza C viruses.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 236 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
236 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 353 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influenza A and D Viruses in Non-Human Mammalian Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2021Pooled it
- Detection of Influenza D Virus using Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Efficient replication of influenza D virus in the human airway underscores zoonotic potential.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A serological survey of influenza D virus infection in cattle in Hokkaido, Japan.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Development and Qualification of a Pseudotyped Virus-Based Microneutralisation Assay for Influenza D Virus.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- An influenza D virus in D/Yama2019 lineage from stillbirth fetus of cattle in China.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- The bovine mammary gland as a crucible for zoonotic influenza virus emergence: Receptor-mediated adaptation of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b.Archives of virology · 2026Review
- Efficient replication of influenza D virus in the human airway underscores zoonotic potential.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Multicenter Serologic Investigation of Influenza D Virus in Cats and Dogs, Europe, 2015-2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Development of an influenza D virus with an eight- or nine-segment genome.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- First detection and molecular characterization of influenza D virus in livestock from Kazakhstan reveals circulation of the D/Yama2019 lineage.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats from Influenza D and Canine Coronavirus HuPn-2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Detection and Genomic Characterization of Novel Respiratory Viruses in US and Mexican Cattle Farms.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Genetic and Phylogenetic Characterization of Influenza D Viruses From South Korean Cattle, 2022-2023.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Distinct influenza interfaces in cattle: repeated spillovers of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) from wild birds and enzootic circulation of influenza D virus.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Efficient airborne transmission of influenza D virus in ferret models and serological evidence of human exposure in Northeast China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Influenza D Virus in Black Donkeys, Northern China.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Evolution of Porcine Virus Isolation: Guidelines for Practical Laboratory Application.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Construction and Research Progress of Animal Models and Mouse Adapted Strains of Seasonal Influenza Virus.Vaccines · 2025Review
176 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses, only influenza A viruses are thought to exist as multiple subtypes and has non-human maintenance hosts. In April 2011, nasal swabs were collected for virus isolation from pigs exhibiting influenza-like illness. Subsequent electron microscopic, biochemical, and genetic studies identified an orthomyxovirus with seven RNA segments exhibiting approximately 50% overall amino acid identity to human influenza C virus. Based on its genetic organizational similarities to influenza C viruses this virus has been provisionally designated C/Oklahoma/1334/2011 (C/OK). Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted viral proteins found that the divergence between C/OK and human influenza C viruses was similar to that observed between influenza A and B viruses. No cross reactivity was observed between C/OK and human influenza C viruses using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Additionally, screening of pig and human serum samples found that 9.5% and 1.3%, respectively, of individuals had measurable HI antibody titers to C/OK virus. C/OK virus was able to infect both ferrets and pigs and transmit to naive animals by direct contact. Cell culture studies showed that C/OK virus displayed a broader cellular tropism than a human influenza C virus. The observed difference in cellular tropism was further supported by structural analysis showing that hemagglutinin esterase (HE) proteins between two viruses have conserved enzymatic but divergent receptor-binding sites. These results suggest that C/OK virus represents a new subtype of influenza C viruses that currently circulates in pigs that has not been recognized previously. The presence of multiple subtypes of co-circulating influenza C viruses raises the possibility of reassortment and antigenic shift as mechanisms of influenza C virus evolution.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.