ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2013
Axons giving rise to the palisade endings of feline extraocular muscles display motor features.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural and Molecular Features of Human Extraocular Muscle Spindles Suggest a Unique Role in Proprioception.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Classical Proprioceptors and Palisade Endings Have Distinct Molecular Profiles in Pig Eye Muscles.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Canonical Proprioceptors Are Largely Absent in the Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles of the Rat Larynx.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2025Article
- Developmental, Physiological and Phylogenetic Perspectives on the Expression and Regulation of Myosin Heavy Chains in Craniofacial Muscles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- VEGF expression disparities in brainstem motor neurons of the SOD1Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Article
- Proprioceptors in extraocular muscles.Experimental physiology · 2024Review
- Enteric Nervous System: Identification of a Novel Neuronal Sensory Network in the Duodenal Epithelium.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2023Article
- Spinal cord from body donors is suitable for multicolor immunofluorescence.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2023Article
- Proprioceptive contribution to oculomotor control in humans.Human brain mapping · 2022Article
- Eye Movements But Not Vision Drive the Development of Palisade Endings.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- The Cell Autonomous and Non-Cell Autonomous Aspects of Neuronal Vulnerability and Resilience in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Biology · 2022Review
- MIF versus SIF Motoneurons, What Are Their Respective Contribution in the Oculomotor Medial Rectus Pool?The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Insights into the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Transmitter and ion channel profiles of neurons in the primate abducens and trochlear nuclei.Brain structure & function · 2021Article
- Neuroprotective Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Motoneurons of the Oculomotor System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Selective Neuron Vulnerability in Common and Rare Diseases-Mitochondria in the Focus.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Palisade Endings Have an Exocytotic Machinery But Lack Acetylcholine Receptors and Distinct Acetylcholinesterase Activity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Brown Spider (Toxins · 2019Review
- Passive eye movements induced by electromagnetic force (EMF) in rats.Zoological research · 2019Article
- Functional diversity of motoneurons in the oculomotor system.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Palisade endings are nerve specializations found in the extraocular muscles (EOMs) of mammals, including primates. They have long been postulated to be proprioceptors. It was recently demonstrated that palisade endings are cholinergic and that in monkeys they originate from the EOM motor nuclei. Nevertheless, there is considerable difference of opinion concerning the nature of palisade ending function. Palisade endings in EOMs were examined in cats to test whether they display motor or sensory characteristics. We injected an anterograde tracer into the oculomotor or abducens nuclei and combined tracer visualization with immunohistochemistry and α-bungarotoxin staining. Employing immunohistochemistry, we performed molecular analyses of palisade endings and trigeminal ganglia to determine whether cat palisade endings are a cholinergic trigeminal projection. We confirmed that palisade endings are cholinergic and showed, for the first time, that they, like extraocular motoneurons, are also immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide. Following tracer injection into the EOM nuclei, we observed tracer-positive palisade endings that exhibited choline acetyl transferase immunoreactivity. The tracer-positive nerve fibers supplying palisade endings also established motor terminals along the muscle fibers, as demonstrated by α-bungarotoxin. Neither the trigeminal ganglion nor the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve contained cholinergic elements. This study confirms that palisade endings originate in the EOM motor nuclei and further indicates that they are extensions of the axons supplying the muscle fiber related to the palisade. The present work excludes the possibility that they receive cholinergic trigeminal projections. These findings call into doubt the proposed proprioceptive function of palisade endings.
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