ArticleAvicenna journal of medical biotechnology2009
DNA immunization as an efficient strategy for vaccination.
Article in Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- A Spike-Linked HPV16 E7 DNA Vaccine Induces Potent Antitumor and Anti-Spike Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A calreticulin-linked HPV-16 E7 minigene DNA vaccine elicits strong E7-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity and durable antitumor effects in a preclinical model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluation of a multi-epitope vaccine PME forFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Vaccine skepticism and vaccine development stages; inoculation from "cowpox" lesion to the current mRNA vaccine of COVID-19: review.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2024Review
- Polymeric nanoparticles for DNA vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy: a review.Biotechnology letters · 2023Review
- Nanotechnology-Based RNA Vaccines: Fundamentals, Advantages and Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Nanotechnologies in Delivery of DNA and mRNA Vaccines to the Nasal and Pulmonary Mucosa.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- From Bench to the Clinic: The Path to Translation of Nanotechnology-Enabled mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines.Nano-micro letters · 2022Review
- DNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: toward third-generation vaccination era.Expert review of vaccines · 2021Review
- Identification of Novel Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2021Article
- Advances in gene-based vaccine platforms to address the COVID-19 pandemic.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- Recent Development of Ruminant Vaccine Against Viral Diseases.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Review
- Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Current Status and Prospects for Drug and Vaccine Development.Archives of medical research · 2021Review
- Persistence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Multi-Faceted Player for Hepatocarcinogenesis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Genetic Vaccination as a Flexible Tool to Overcome the Immunological Complexity of Invasive Fungal Infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Enhancement of Immune Responses by Guanosine-Based Particles in DNA Plasmid Formulations against Infectious Diseases.Journal of immunology research · 2019Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The field of vaccinology provides excellent promises to control different infectious and non-infectious diseases. Genetic immunization as a new tool in this area by using naked DNA has been shown to induce humoral as well as cellular immune responses with high efficiency. This demonstrates the enormous potential of this strategy for vaccination purposes. DNA vaccines have been widely used to develop vaccines against various pathogens as well as cancer, autoimmune diseases and allergy. However, despite their successful application in many pre-clinical disease models, their potency in human clinical trials has been insufficient to provide protective immunity. Several strategies have been applied to increase the potency of DNA vaccine. Among these strategies, the linkage of antigens to Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and the utilization of different delivery systems have been demonstrated as efficient approaches for increasing the potency of DNA vaccines. The uptake of DNA plasmids by cells upon injection is inefficient. Two basic delivery approaches including physical delivery to achieve higher levels of antigen production and formulation with microparticles to target Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) are effective in animal models. Alternatively, different regimens called prime-boost vaccination are also effective. In this regimen, naked DNA is utilized to prime the immune system and either recombinant viral vector or purified recombinant protein with proper adjuvant is used for boosting. In this review, we discuss recent advances in upgrading the efficiency of DNA vaccination in animal models.
Indexed as
Identifiers
23407787PMC3558129W2172180369What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.