ArticleBlood2013
IL-21-stimulated human plasmacytoid dendritic cells secrete granzyme B, which impairs their capacity to induce T-cell proliferation.
Article in Blood, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- NicheProt: Cell-type-resolved proteomics of tissue compartments.Science advances · 2026Article
- IL-21 Selectively Augments Cytotoxic Potential of Antigen-Activated MAIT Cells.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Leveraging current insights on IL-10-producing dendritic cells for developing effective immunotherapeutic approaches.FEBS letters · 2025Review
- The pro-tumorigenic roles of granzyme B: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The effects of interleukin-21 in the biology of transplant rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Multi-Omics Profiling Unveils the Complexity and Dynamics of Immune Infiltrates in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.Biology · 2024Article
- Granzymes in health and diseases: the good, the bad and the ugly.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: An Update on Pathogenesis and Future Therapeutic Directions.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2023Review
- Granzyme B in Autoimmune Skin Disease.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Granzymes expression patterns predict immunotherapy response and identify the heterogeneity of CD8+ T cell subsets.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2023Article
- Integration of single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA transcriptome sequencing reveals a heterogeneous immune landscape and pivotal cell subpopulations associated with colorectal cancer prognosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- TNF-α Regulates Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by Suppressing IFN-α Production and Enhancing T Cell Activation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Interaction Networks Converging on Immunosuppressive Roles of Granzyme B: Special Niches Within the Tumor Microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Current Insights in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Immunopathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Interleukin-21 (IL-21) Downregulates Dendritic Cell Cytokine Responses to Helicobacter pylori and Modulates T Lymphocyte IL-17A Expression in Peyer's Patches during Infection.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Article
- The Common Cytokine Receptor γ Chain Family of Cytokines.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2018Review
- The plasmacytoid dendritic cell as the Swiss army knife of the immune system: molecular regulation of its multifaceted functions.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Review
- Imiquimod inhibits melanoma development by promoting pDC cytotoxic functions and impeding tumor vascularization.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2014Article
- Granzyme B secretion by human memory CD4 T cells is less strictly regulated compared to memory CD8 T cells.BMC immunology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a crucial role during innate immunity by secreting bulk amounts of type I interferons (IFNs) in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated pathogen recognition. In addition, pDCs can also contribute to adaptive immunity by activation of antigen-specific T cells. Furthermore, it is well established that pDCs contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including lupus. Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a cytokine produced by activated CD4(+) T and natural killer T (NKT) cells and has a pleiotropic role in immunity by controlling myeloid DC-, NKT-, T-, and B-cell functions. It has remained elusive whether IL-21 affects pDCs. Here we investigate the role of IL-21 in human pDC activation and function and observe that IL-21 activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in line with the finding that pDCs express the IL-21 receptor. Although IL-21 did not affect TLR-induced type I IFNs, IL-6, and TNF-α nor expression of major-histocompatibility-complex class II or costimulatory molecules, IL-21 markedly increased expression of the serine protease granzyme B (GrB). We demonstrate that GrB induction was, in part, responsible for IL-21-mediated downmodulation of CD4(+) T-cell proliferation induced by TLR preactivated pDCs. Collectively, our data provide evidence that pDCs are important cells to consider when investigating the role of IL-21 in immunity or pathogenesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.