Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23406384›Full record

ArticlePhotomedicine and laser surgery2013

Blue light eliminates community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in infected mouse skin abrasions.

Tianhong Dai, Asheesh Gupta, Ying-Ying Huang, Margaret E Sherwood, Clinton K Murray, Mark S Vrahas, Tammy Kielian, Michael R Hamblin

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Photomedicine and laser surgery, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Low-Irradiance Antimicrobial Blue Light-Bathing Therapy for Wound Infection Control.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
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  12. New Weapons to Fight againstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
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2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Tianhong Dai1 Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.
Asheesh Gupta
Ying-Ying Huang
Margaret E Sherwood
Clinton K Murray
Mark S Vrahas
Tammy Kielian
Michael R Hamblin
Massachusetts General Hospital · USHarvard University · USUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center · USWilford Hall Medical Center · US

Funding

Photodynamic Therapy of Localized InfectionsR01AI050875 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R · 2003 to 2017
$4.8M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI050875NIAID NIH HHS R01AI050875
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectiveBacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) affect millions of individuals annually in the United States. Treatment of SSTI has been significantly complicated by the increasing emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strains. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of blue light (415 ± 10 nm) therapy for eliminating CA-MRSA infections in skin abrasions of mice.

methodsThe susceptibilities of a CA-MRSA strain (USA300LAC) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT) to blue light inactivation were compared by in vitro culture studies. A mouse model of skin abrasion infection was developed using bioluminescent USA300LAC::lux. Blue light was delivered to the infected mouse skin abrasions at 30 min (acute) and 24 h (established) after the bacterial inoculation. Bioluminescence imaging was used to monitor in real time the extent of infection in mice.

resultsUSA300LAC was much more susceptible to blue light inactivation than HaCaT cells (p=0.038). Approximately 4.75-log10 bacterial inactivation was achieved after 170 J/cm(2) blue light had been delivered, but only 0.29 log10 loss of viability in HaCaT cells was observed. Transmission electron microscopy imaging of USA300LAC cells exposed to blue light exhibited disruption of the cytoplasmic content, disruption of cell walls, and cell debris. In vivo studies showed that blue light rapidly reduced the bacterial burden in both acute and established CA-MRSA infections. More than 2-log10 reduction of bacterial luminescence in the mouse skin abrasions was achieved when 41.4 (day 0) and 108 J/cm(2) (day 1) blue light had been delivered. Bacterial regrowth was observed in the mouse wounds at 24 h after the blue light therapy.

conclusionsThere exists a therapeutic window of blue light for bacterial infections where bacteria are selectively inactivated by blue light while host tissue cells are preserved. Blue light therapy has the potential to rapidly reduce the bacterial load in SSTI.

Indexed as

AnimalsCommunity-Acquired InfectionsFemaleKeratinocytesLuminescenceMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMicroscopy, ElectronPhototherapyStaphylococcal InfectionsWound Infection

Identifiers

PMID23406384
PMCPMC3818001
OpenAlexW1982497735

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.