SynthesisCritical reviews in toxicology2013
Reproductive and developmental effects of phthalate diesters in females.
Synthesis in Critical reviews in toxicology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Literature Review of Reproductive Toxicological Studies on Phthalates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- From Environmental to Possible Occupational Exposure to Risk Factors: What Role Do They Play in the Etiology of Endometriosis?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Association of exposure to phthalates with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Pooled it
- Phthalate exposure and female reproductive and developmental outcomes: a systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence.Environment international · 2019Pooled it
- Hazards of diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) exposure: A systematic review of animal toxicology studies.Environment international · 2019Pooled it
- Impact of Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate Metabolites on Male Reproductive Function: a Systematic Review of Human Evidence.Current environmental health reports · 2018Pooled it
- Effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on sickle cell disease recipient plasma and RBC metabolism.Transfusion · 2018Trial
- Prenatal exposure to phthalates, maternal oxidative stress, and early childhood neurobehavior: a pathway modeling approach.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Evaluating the mediating role of gestational phthalate and replacement biomarkers in the associations between race/ethnicity and birthweight.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Silicone-Foam Passive Air Samplers for Combined Target and Nontarget Chemical Profiling and Toxicity Assessment of Airborne Exposomes.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Short- and long-term effects of transfusion in β-thalassemia: a longitudinal study of transfusion efficiency factors.Blood advances · 2026Article
- The association of urinary xenoestrogens levels in pregnant women and their risk of missed miscarriage.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The inhibition of prostaglandin production during ovulation by exposure to a phthalate mixture is circumvented by cAMP analogue supplementation in a human granulosa cell model.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Bayesian benchmark dose modeling analysis and derivation of points of departure for female reproductive toxicity following exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) - effects on reproductive hormones, folliculogenesis and estrous cyclicity.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Phthalates are detected in the follicular fluid of adolescents and oocyte donors with associated changes in the cumulus cell transcriptome.F&S science · 2025Article
- Association between the Exposure to Phthalates and the Risk of Endometriosis: An Updated Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Biodegradation of DEP, DIBP, and BBP by a psychrotolerant Sphingobium yanoikuyae strain P4: Degradation potentiality and mechanism study.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
- Excess prenatal loss and respiratory illnesses of infant macaques living outdoors and exposed to wildfire smoke.American journal of primatology · 2024Article
- Chronic exposure of mice to phthalates enhances TGF beta signaling and promotes uterine fibrosis.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2023Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phthalate diesters, widely used in flexible plastics and consumer products, have become prevalent contaminants in the environment. Human exposure is ubiquitous and higher phthalate metabolite concentrations documented in patients using medications with phthalate-containing slow release capsules raises concerns for potential health effects. Furthermore, animal studies suggest that phthalate exposure can modulate circulating hormone concentrations and thus may be able to adversely affect reproductive physiology and the development of estrogen sensitive target tissues. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the epidemiological and experimental animal literature examining the relationship between phthalate exposure and adverse female reproductive health outcomes. The epidemiological literature is sparse for most outcomes studied and plagued by small sample size, methodological weaknesses, and thus fails to support a conclusion of an adverse effect of phthalate exposure. Despite a paucity of experimental animal studies for several phthalates, we conclude that there is sufficient evidence to suggest that phthalates are reproductive toxicants. However, we note that the concentrations needed to induce adverse health effects are high compared to the concentrations measured in contemporary human biomonitoring studies. We propose that the current patchwork of studies, potential for additive effects and evidence of adverse effects of phthalate exposure in subsequent generations and at lower concentrations than in the parental generation support the need for further study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.