ReviewPflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology2013
Sex differences in myocardial metabolism and cardiac function: an emerging concept.
Review in Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Matters: A Comprehensive Comparison of Female and Male Hearts.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of enhanced glycolysis on cardiac aging.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Impact of Gliflozins on Right Heart Remodeling in Italian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure: Results from the GLISCAR Real-World Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Cardiac substrate metabolism in type 2 diabetes.The Biochemical journal · 2025Review
- Sex differences of sequential changes in coronary blood flow and microvascular function in patients with suspected angina.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2024Article
- Association between physical activity and cardiovascular parameters in 7-year-old children: a Chinese cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Moderate Endurance Exercise Increases Arrhythmia Susceptibility and Modulates Cardiac Structure and Function in a Sexually Dimorphic Manner.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Probing human heart TCA cycle metabolism and response to glucose load using hyperpolarized [2-NMR in biomedicine · 2024Article
- Blood and Imaging Biomarkers in the Long-term Follow-up of Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients.CJC open · 2024Article
- Probing Human Heart TCA Cycle Metabolism and Response to Glucose Load using Hyperpolarized [2-medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Estradiol regulates oxidative stress and angiogenesis of myocardial microvascular endothelial cells via the CDK1/CDK2 pathway.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Sex differences and estrogen effects in cardiac mitochondria in human aortic stenosis and in the mouse heart.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Is space flight arrhythmogenic?Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Sex and gender differences in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: An update.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Association of Female Menopause With Atrioventricular Mechanics and Outcomes.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- The Role of Estrogens and Vitamin D in Cardiomyocyte Protection: A Female Perspective.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Sex-Specific Impacts of Exercise on Cardiovascular Remodeling.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- The correlation between maternal age, parity, cardiac diastolic function and occurrence rate of pre-eclampsia.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Sex differences in theScientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that there are dramatic sex-related differences in the incidence of cardiovascular disease, apparently related to the presence of steroid hormones. This is supported by the discovery of steroid hormone receptors in the heart and vasculature. More controversial is the area of sex-related differences in cardiac metabolism and function. A number of human and animal studies have demonstrated that estrogen and testosterone have cardiac metabolic effects. Additionally, research shows females have higher heart rates and various indices of function, including cardiac output and stroke volume, compared with males. However, some controversy exists, as other studies report that function in isolated muscle preparations is lower in females versus males. The reasons for these differences may reflect effects of sex hormones that are dependent on the conditions being studied. Cardiac function is reduced in postmenopausal females, suggesting that female sex hormones, specifically estrogen and progesterone, influence cardiac function. Apart from its well-documented vasodilatory effects, estrogen has also been shown to have negative inotropic effects and to reduce Ca(2+) transients in cardiomyocytes. Similar results have been found for progesterone. Several studies show that testosterone administration appears to increase cardiac performance, while others show that it increases the stiffness of the ventricle due to increased collagen synthesis, thereby reducing diastolic performance. This review will discuss current evidence suggesting sex-related differences in cardiac metabolism and its energetics and function and will present the potential role of the principal sex steroid hormones.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.