ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2013
Delta-opioid agonist SNC-121 protects retinal ganglion cell function in a chronic ocular hypertensive rat model.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delta-opioid receptor-mediated neural protection and regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Targeting glial fibrillary acidic protein in glaucoma: a monoclonal antibody approach to modulate glial reactivity and neuroinflammation for neuroprotection.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- The role of the adaptive immune system and T cell dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- Influences of Glaucoma on the Structure and Function of Synapses in the Visual System.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2022Review
- Age of Rats Affects the Degree of Retinal Neuroinflammatory Response Induced by High Acute Intraocular Pressure.Disease markers · 2022Article
- Reduction of Neuroinflammation by δ-Opioids Via STAT3-Dependent Pathway in Chronic Glaucoma Model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Changes in Class I and IIb HDACs by δ-Opioid in Chronic Rat Glaucoma Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Histone Deacetylases Regulation by δ-Opioids in Human Optic Nerve Head Astrocytes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Article
- Neuronal Epac1 mediates retinal neurodegeneration in mouse models of ocular hypertension.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Article
- Neuroprotective Peptides in Retinal Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Novel Therapeutics in Glaucoma Management.Current neuropharmacology · 2018Review
- PI3K/Akt Pathway: A Role in δ-Opioid Receptor-Mediated RGC Neuroprotection.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2017Article
- Article
- Modeling glaucoma in rats by sclerosing aqueous outflow pathways to elevate intraocular pressure.Experimental eye research · 2015Review
- Electrophysiological assessment of retinal ganglion cell function.Experimental eye research · 2015Review
- Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-mediated retinal ganglion cell death in human tyrosinase T cell receptor transgenic mouse.PloS one · 2014Article
- Regulation of nitric oxide production by δ-opioid receptors during glaucomatous injury.PloS one · 2014Article
- Delta-opioid receptors attenuate TNF-α-induced MMP-2 secretion from human ONH astrocytes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2013Article
- Delta Opioids: Neuroprotective Roles in Preclinical Studies.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and TherapeuticsReview
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis study examined if the delta-opioid (δ-opioid) receptor agonist, SNC-121, can improve retinal function and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival during glaucomatous injury in a chronic ocular hypertensive rat model.
methodsIOP was raised in brown Norway rats by injecting hypertonic saline into the limbal venous system. Rats were treated with 1 mg/kg SNC-121 (intraperitoneally [IP]) once daily for 7 days. Pattern-electroretinograms (PERGs) were obtained in response to contrast reversal of patterned visual stimuli. RGCs were visualized by fluorogold retrograde labeling. Expression of TNF-α and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.
resultsPERG amplitudes in ocular hypertensive eyes were significantly reduced (14.3 ± 0.60 μvolts) when compared with healthy eyes (18.0 ± 0.62 μvolts). PERG loss in hypertensive eyes was inhibited by SNC-121 treatment (17.20 ± 0.1.3 μvolts; P < 0.05). There was a 29% loss of RGCs in the ocular hypertensive eye, which was inhibited in the presence of SNC-121. TNF-α production and activation of p38 MAP kinase in retinal sections and optic nerve samples were upregulated in ocular hypertensive eyes and inhibited in the presence of SNC-121. Furthermore, TNF-α induced increase in p38 MAP kinase activation in astrocytes was inhibited in the presence of SNC-121.
conclusionsThese data provide evidence that activation of δ-opioid receptors inhibited the loss of PERG amplitudes and rate of RGC loss during glaucomatous injury. Mechanistic data provided clues that TNF-α is mainly produced from glial cells and activates p38 MAP kinase, which was significantly inhibited by SNC-121 treatment. Overall, data indicate that enhancement of δ-opioidergic activity in the eye may provide retina neuroprotection against glaucoma.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.