Trial reportAddictive behaviors2013
The effect of framing incentives as either losses or gains with contingency management for smoking cessation.
Trial report in Addictive behaviors, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- A review of the literature on contingency management in the treatment of substance use disorders, 2009-2014.Preventive medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Effect of Behavioral Economic Incentives for Colorectal Cancer Screening in a Randomized Trial.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2021Trial
- Trial
- The effects of fixed versus escalating reinforcement schedules on smoking abstinence.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2015Trial
- The effects of percentile versus fixed criterion schedules on smoking with equal incentive magnitude for initial abstinence.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- How short video addiction affects risk decision-making behavior in college students based on fNIRS technology.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Exploring the Loss Aversion Scale's psychometric properties in Spain.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Loss-Framed Adaptive Microcontingency Management for Preventing Prolonged Sedentariness: Development and Feasibility Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2023Article
- Effects of Loss and Gain Incentives on Adherence in Pediatric Weight Management: Preliminary Studies and Economic Evaluation of a Theoretical Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Decision Making in Addictive Behaviors Based on Prospect Theory: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Tailored Cigarette Warning Messages: How Individualized Loss Aversion and Delay Discounting Rates Can Influence Perceived Message Effectiveness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Factors Associated With Influential Health-Promoting Messages on Social Media: Content Analysis of Sina Weibo.JMIR medical informatics · 2020Article
- Concrete Messages Increase Healthy Eating Preferences.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2020Article
- Application of a Brief Incentive Treatment for Cigarette Smoking.Behavior analysis in practice · 2018Article
- Feasibility and Acceptability of a Text Message-Based Smoking Cessation Program for Young Adults in Lima, Peru: Pilot Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2017Article
- Vouchers versus Lotteries: What works best in promoting Chlamydia screening? A cluster randomised controlled trial.Applied economic perspectives and policy · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cumulative prospect theory predicts that losses motivate behavior more than equal gains. Contingency management procedures effectively reduce drug use by placing incentives in direct competition with the drug taking behavior. Therefore, framing incentives as losses, rather than gains should decrease drug use to a greater extent, given equivalent incentives. We examined whether contingent vouchers described as either losses or gains differentially affected smoking abstinence rates. Over 5 consecutive days, participants could either gain $75 per day for verified abstinence or lose $75 per day (initial endowment=$375) for continuing to smoke. As a result, loss-framed participants were more likely to achieve at least one day of abstinence. There was a trend towards loss-framed participants reducing the amount smoked more than gain-framed participants. However, participants in the gain-framed group were more likely to maintain abstinence, once initiated. The results partially support cumulative prospect theory and suggest additional ways to initiate behavior change using incentives, outside of using larger magnitude incentives in contingency management procedures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.