ReviewPreventive medicine2013
Evolution of cervical cancer screening and prevention in United States and Canada: implications for public health practitioners and clinicians.
Review in Preventive medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling among Latinas in the United States: A systematic review.Cancer medicine · 2024Pooled it
- The Acceptance of Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling Test among Muslim Women:A Systematic Review.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Pooled it
- Towards Cervical Cancer Elimination: Insights from an In-Depth Regional Review of Patients with Cervical Cancer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Review
- Cervical cancer burden in India: A descriptive epidemiological study and policy insights.Global epidemiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Controversies in management of Helicobacter pylori infection from a U.S. perspective: population screening and treatment.Minerva gastroenterology · 2025Review
- AI in Cervical Cancer Cytology Diagnostics: A Narrative Review of Cutting-Edge Studies.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Role of PET in Cervical Cancer: Review of Current Applications and Future Horizons.Journal of imaging · 2025Review
- Decoding impact of human papillomavirus in gynecological oncology: a narrative review.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2025Article
- From Satirical Poems and Invisible Poisons to Radical Surgery and Organized Cervical Cancer Screening-A Historical Outline of Cervical Carcinoma and Its Relation to HPV Infection.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Persistent cervical cancer disparities among American Indian/Alaska Native women: a systematic scoping review exploring the state of the science in this population.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Cervical cancer (over-)screening in Europe: Balancing organised and opportunistic programmes.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Cervical Cancer Elimination Is Dependent on Women's Self-Tests for Primary Human Papillomavirus Testing Triaged by Methylation Status.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2022Article
- High-Grade Vulvar, Vaginal, and Anal Precancers Among U.S. Adolescents and Young Adults After Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Introduction.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Cervical cancer in Nepal: Current screening strategies and challenges.Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
- A Longitudinal Analysis of Patient-Level Factors Associated with Pap Test Uptake Among Chinese American Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021Article
- Evolution of Public Health Human Papillomavirus Immunization Programs in Canada.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2021Article
- The Effects of Age, Period, and Cohort on the Mortality of Cervical Cancer in Three High-Income Countries: Canada, Korea, and Italy.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- Assessing Impact of HPV Vaccination on Cervical Cancer Incidence among Women Aged 15-29 Years in the United States, 1999-2017: An Ecologic Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDeclines in cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Canada and in the United States have been widely attributed to the introduction of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test. This article reviews changes in screening and introduction of HPV vaccination.
methodSentinel events in cervical cancer screening and primary prevention through HPV vaccination in the US and Canada are described.
resultsDespite commonalities, cervical cancer screening and prevention differ between the two countries. Canada has a combination of opportunistic and organized programs at the provincial and territorial level, while the US has opportunistic screening and vaccination systems. In the US, the HPV test along with the Pap test (co-testing) is part of national recommendations for routine cervical cancer screening for women age 30 and older. Co-testing is not being considered anywhere in Canada, but primary HPV testing is currently recommended (but not implemented) in one province in Canada.
conclusionMany prevention strategies are available for cervical cancer. Continued public health efforts should focus on increasing vaccine coverage in the target age groups and cervical cancer screening for women at appropriate intervals. Ongoing evaluation will be needed to ensure appropriate use of health resources, as vaccinated women become eligible for screening.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.