ArticleCardiovascular psychiatry and neurology2013
Multiple sclerosis and the blood-central nervous system barrier.
Article in Cardiovascular psychiatry and neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Breakdown of Neurovascular Barriers: Molecular Mechanisms of Tight Junction Dysfunction.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota modulates CNS barrier function in murine model for multiple sclerosis.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Integrins in Cardiovascular Health and Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Microparticles in Central Nervous System Disorders: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Potential.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Understanding the role of potential biomarkers in attenuating multiple sclerosis progression via multiomics and network-based approach.PloS one · 2024Article
- Oral Cladribine Impairs Intermediate, but Not Conventional, Monocyte Transmigration in Multiple Sclerosis Patients across a Model Blood-Brain Barrier.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier: Its Role in Spinal Disorders and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.NeuroSci · 2022Review
- Evaluation of S100A12 and Apo-A1 plasma level potency in untreated new relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and their family members.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Neuroimmune crosstalk and evolving pharmacotherapies in neurodegenerative diseases.Immunology · 2021Review
- Population pharmacokinetic approach for evaluation of treosulfan and its active monoepoxide disposition in plasma and brain on the basis of a rat model.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2020Article
- Association of Multiple Sclerosis Phenotypes with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ofBiomolecules · 2020Article
- Clozapine reduces infiltration into the CNS by targeting migration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- Therapeutic efficacy of dimethyl fumarate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis associates with ROS pathway in monocytes.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Innate IFN-γ ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and promotes myeloid expansion and PDL-1 expression.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Markers of oxidative/nitrative damage of plasma proteins correlated with EDSS and BDI scores in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2017Article
- Propitious Therapeutic Modulators to Prevent Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Disruption in Spinal Cord Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Review
- Nrf2-dysregulation correlates with reduced synthesis and low glutathione levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Journal of neurochemistry · 2016Article
- Nutritional and Nanotechnological Modulators of Microglia.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- New and emerging immune-targeted drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is isolated from the blood system by a physical barrier that contains efflux transporters and catabolic enzymes. This blood-CNS barrier (BCNSB) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). It binds and anchors activated leukocytes to permit their movement across the BCNSB and into the CNS. Once there, these immune cells target particular self-epitopes and initiate a cascade of neuroinflammation, which leads to the breakdown of the BCNSB and the formation of perivascular plaques, one of the hallmarks of MS. Immunomodulatory drugs for MS are either biologics or small molecules, with only the latter having the capacity to cross the BCNSB and thus have a propensity to cause CNS side effects. However, BCNSB penetration is a desirable feature of MS drugs that have molecular targets within the CNS. These are nabiximols and dalfampridine, which target cannabinoid receptors and potassium channels, respectively. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, present on endothelial cells of the BCNSB, also serves as a drug discovery target since it interacts with α4-β1-integrin on leucocytes. The MS drug natalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against α4-β1-integrin, blocks this interaction and thus reduces the movement of immune cells into the CNS. This paper further elaborates on the role of the BCNSB in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.