ArticleBlood2013
Immune activation of human brain microvascular endothelial cells inhibits HIV replication in macrophages.
Article in Blood, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) proteins in HIV infection: innate antiviral immunity, viral persistence, and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- CD4+ T Cell Activation and Peripheral Immune Cell Influx into the Brain Following Wildfire Smoke Exposure is Modulated by a Saturated Fat Diet.Research square · 2026Article
- Innate immune sensors and regulators at the blood brain barrier: focus on toll-like receptors and inflammasomes as mediators of neuro-immune crosstalk and inflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- The impact of manganese on vascular endothelium.Toxicological research · 2024Review
- From Immunity to Neurogenesis: Toll-like Receptors as Versatile Regulators in the Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A multiomics analysis-assisted deep learning model identifies a macrophage-oriented module as a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Type I/type III IFN and related factors regulate JEV infection and BBB endothelial integrity.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- STING-Triggered CNS Inflammation in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Cytosolic DNA sensor activation inhibits HIV infection of macrophages.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Opioid Use, Gut Dysbiosis, Inflammation, and the Nervous System.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2022Review
- Expression and mechanisms of interferon-stimulated genes in viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- EGFR Activation Impairs Antiviral Activity of Interferon Signaling in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells During Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Endothelial Cells as a Key Cell Type for Innate Immunity: A Focused Review on RIG-I Signaling Pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- TLR7 Activation of Macrophages by Imiquimod Inhibits HIV Infection through Modulation of Viral Entry Cellular Factors.Biology · 2021Article
- Confound, Cause, or Cure: The Effect of Cannabinoids on HIV-Associated Neurological Sequelae.Viruses · 2021Review
- Exosomes Transport Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Factors from Human Cervical Epithelial Cells to Macrophages.Journal of innate immunity · 2021Article
- NS5 Sumoylation Directs Nuclear Responses That Permit Zika Virus To Persistently Infect Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Semen exosomes inhibit HIV infection and HIV-induced proinflammatory cytokine production independent of the activation state of primary lymphocytes.FEBS letters · 2020Article
- Neuroinflammation During RNA Viral Infections.Annual review of immunology · 2019Review
- Increased expression of toll-like receptor 3, an anti-viral signaling molecule, and related genes in Alzheimer's disease brains.Experimental neurology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
There is limited information about the role of blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells (ECs) in the central nervous system (CNS) and their innate immunity against HIV. We examined whether brain ECs can be immunologically activated to produce antiviral factors that inhibit HIV replication in macrophages. Human brain microvascular ECs expressed functional toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) that could be activated by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C), resulting in the induction of endogenous interferon-β (IFN-β) and IFN-λ. The TLR3 activation of ECs also induced the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 (IRF3) and IRF7, the key regulators of IFN signaling pathway. When supernatant (SN) of PolyI:C-activated EC cultures was applied to infected macrophage cultures, HIV replication was significantly suppressed. This SN action of ECs on HIV was mediated through both IFN-β and IFN-λ because antibodies to their receptors could neutralize the SN-mediated anti-HIV effect. The role of IFNs in EC-mediated anti-HIV activity is further supported by the observation that treatment with SN from EC cultures induced the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs: ISG56, OAS-1, and MxA) in macrophages. These observations indicate that brain microvascular ECs may be a key regulatory bystander, playing a crucial role in the BBB innate immunity against HIV infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.