Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23397433›Full record

ReviewWorld journal of urology2013

Gender-specific differences in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: the concept of sex steroid sensitivity.

Georgios Gakis, Arnulf Stenzl

Abstract readComparative StudyReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of urology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
6.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. [Gender-associated differences in bladder cancer].Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2022
    Review
  11. The Sirenic Links between Diabetes, Obesity, and Bladder Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Female with bladder cancer: what and why is there a difference?Translational andrology and urology · 2016
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Georgios GakisDepartment of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany, georgios.gakis@web.de.
Arnulf Stenzl
University of Tübingen · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo describe the role of sex steroid-dependent growth of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located on chromosome 8q24 as a molecular explanation for gender-specific differences in the incidence and outcome of MIBC.

methodsA detailed, non-systematic analysis was performed for articles and reviews investigating the role of sex steroids in the development and progression of MIBC between 2000 and 2012.

resultsLocalized MIBCs overexpress the androgen receptor (AR), whereas in lymph node-positive stages, loss of AR expression has been found. High-risk SNPs of genes on chromosome 8q24, that is, the rs2294008 of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene, have been linked with increased susceptibility for MIBC. The PSCA gene possesses an androgen-responsive element (ARE) in its promoter region. Recent studies suggest that loss of AR responsiveness to the PSCA promoter may result in the induction of an androgen-independent mechanism, that is, the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 signalling pathway-a key event in the development of hormone-independent prostate cancer-and this may increase the metastatic potential. In females, it can be hypothesized that due to the altered androgen levels, these mechanisms may be initiated earlier during tumor progression in females and result in inferior survival compared to males.

conclusionMuscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a sex steroid-dependent tumor. AREs in the promoter region of high-risk genes may drive tumor progression and result in loss of androgen responsiveness, which eventually leads to the activation of androgen-independent processes forming the metastatic potential. The determination of the AR status in cystectomy specimens additionally offers new adjuvant approaches after cystectomy.

Indexed as

Disease ProgressionFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGonadal Steroid HormonesHumansMaleNeoplasm InvasivenessPolymorphism, Single NucleotideReceptors, AndrogenReceptors, EstrogenUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsGonadal Steroid HormonesReceptors, AndrogenReceptors, Estrogen

Identifiers

PMID23397433
OpenAlexW2023093838

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.