SynthesisBulletin of the World Health Organization2013
Integrating antiretroviral therapy into antenatal care and maternal and child health settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Integrating HIV Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Family Planning: A Systematic Review of Initial Implementation Efforts in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.AIDS and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions to support breastfeeding among mothers living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Approaches to transitioning women into and out of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services for continued ART: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Pooled it
- Specification of implementation interventions to address the cascade of HIV care and treatment in resource-limited settings: a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2017Pooled it
- Integration of antenatal care services with health programmes in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review.Journal of global health · 2016Pooled it
- A systematic review of interventions to improve prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission service delivery and promote retention.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Pooled it
- Interventions to improve or facilitate linkage to or retention in pre-ART (HIV) care and initiation of ART in low- and middle-income settings--a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2014Pooled it
- Integration of postpartum healthcare services for HIV-infected women and their infants in South Africa: A randomised controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2018Trial
- Strategies for Overcoming Barriers in Access to Cardiovascular Care for Women.Circulation research · 2025Review
- Determinants of non-testing for HIV among women during antenatal care follow up in sub-saharan Africa: a hierarchical analysis of recent Demographic and Health Survey datasets.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Low effective coverage of HIV testing and counselling services during antenatal care in Ethiopia: evidence from the demographic and health survey and service provision assessment.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- ART history prior to conception: trends and association with postpartum disengagement from HIV care in Khayelitsha, South Africa (2013-2019): a retrospective cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Measuring Socioeconomic Inequalities in HIV Testing During Antenatal Care: A Peruvian National Survey.Journal of community health · 2024Article
- Interventions to enhance healthcare utilisation among pregnant women to reduce maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries: a review of systematic reviews.BMC public health · 2023Review
- Uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission cascade services in Burkina Faso between 2013 and 2020: are we on the right track?BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Low antiretroviral therapy uptake and low early retention among pregnant women who tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus in informal health centers in urban and semi-rural settings in Cameroon: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Integration of HIV care into maternal and child health services in the global IeDEA consortium.Frontiers in global women's health · 2023Article
- Article
- Using routine programmatic data to measure HIV incidence among pregnant women in Botswana.Population health metrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether integrating antiretroviral therapy (ART) into antenatal care (ANC) and maternal and child health (MCH) clinics could improve programmatic and patient outcomes.
methodsThe authors systematically searched PubMed, Embase, African Index Medicus and LiLACS for randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, or retrospective cohort studies comparing outcomes in ANC or MCH clinics that had and had not integrated ART. The outcomes of interest were ART coverage, ART enrolment, ART retention, mortality and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
findingsFour studies met the inclusion criteria. All were conducted in ANC clinics. Increased enrolment of pregnant women in ART was observed in ANC clinics that had integrated ART (relative risk, RR: 2.09; 95% confidence interval, CI; 1.78-2.46; I(2): 15%). Increased ART coverage was also noted in such clinics (RR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05-1.79; I(2): 83%). Sensitivity analyses revealed a trend for the national prevalence of HIV infection to explain the heterogeneity in the size of the effect of ART integration on ART coverage (P = 0.13). Retention in ART was similar in ANC clinics with and without ART integration.
conclusionAlthough few data were available, ART integration in ANC clinics appears to lead to higher rates of ART enrolment and ART coverage. Rates of retention in ART remain similar to those observed in referral-based models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.