ReviewPsychopharmacology2013
A review of the abuse potential assessment of atomoxetine: a nonstimulant medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Review in Psychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dopaminergic modulation of reward discounting in healthy rats: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Atomoxetine for amphetamine-type stimulant dependence during buprenorphine treatment: A randomized controlled trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- Targeting impulsivity in Parkinson's disease using atomoxetine.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2014Trial
- Nanocarriers in psychiatry: a comprehensive review of emerging frontiers in the management of psychiatric disorders.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Comparative potential for generating spontaneous signals for abuse and dependence among drugs used for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A disproportionality analysis in VigiBase®.General psychiatry · 2026Article
- Pharmacotherapies for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Risk of Suicidal Behavior: A Within-Individual Study of Stimulants, Atomoxetine, and Alpha-2 Agonists.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Fatal atomoxetine overdose in Japan: a forensic autopsy case report.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical Features of Adults With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Focusing on Their Adherence to Medication.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- New frontiers in pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular Risk Associated with the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents: a systematic review.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2025Review
- Medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder associated with increased risk of developing glaucoma.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Are There Prevalent Sex Differences in Psychostimulant Use Disorder? A Focus on the Potential Therapeutic Efficacy of Atypical Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- An overview on neurobiology and therapeutics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Discover mental health · 2023Review
- Association between Individual Norepinephrine Transporter (NET) Availability and Response to Pharmacological Therapy in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Characterizing Clinical Heterogeneity in a Large Inpatient Addiction Treatment Sample: Confirmatory Latent Profile Analysis and Differential Levels of Craving and Impulsivity.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2022Article
- Effects of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride on Regulation of Lifespan in Drosophila Model.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2022Article
- Atomoxetine produces oxidative stress and alters mitochondrial function in human neuron-like cells.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Sensitivity of Quantitative Signal Detection in Regards to Pharmacological Neuroenhancement.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- Psychostimulants As Cognitive Enhancers in Adolescents: More Risk than Reward?Frontiers in public health · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleTreatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has for many years relied on psychostimulants, particularly various formulations of amphetamines and methylphenidate. These are central nervous system stimulants and are scheduled because of their abuse potential. Atomoxetine (atomoxetine hydrochloride; Strattera®) was approved in 2002 for treatment of ADHD, and was the first nonstimulant medication approved for this disorder. It was classified as an unscheduled medication indicating a low potential for abuse. However, the abuse potential of atomoxetine has not been reviewed.
objectivesIn this article, we review the evidence regarding abuse potential of atomoxetine, a selective inhibitor of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter, which is unscheduled/unrestricted in all countries where it is approved.
methodsResults from receptor binding, in vitro electrophysiology, in vivo microdialysis, preclinical behavioral, and human laboratory studies have been reviewed.
resultsAtomoxetine has no appreciable affinity for, or action at, central receptors through which drugs of abuse typically act, i.e., dopamine transporters, GABA(A) receptors, and opioid μ receptors. In behavioral experiments in rodents, atomoxetine does not increase locomotor activity, and in drug discrimination studies, its profile is similar to that of drugs without abuse potential. Atomoxetine does not serve as a reinforcer in monkey self-administration studies, and human laboratory studies suggest that atomoxetine does not induce subjective effects indicative of abuse.
conclusionNeurochemical, preclinical, and early clinical studies predicted and supported a lack of abuse potential of atomoxetine, which is consistent with the clinical trial and postmarketing spontaneous event data in the past 10 years.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.