ArticleNeuroscience letters2013
The blockade of NMDA receptor ion channels by ketamine is enhanced in developing rat cortical neurons.
Article in Neuroscience letters, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Altered Auditory Maturation in Fragile X Syndrome and Its Involvement in Audiogenic Seizure Susceptibility.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Adverse Effects Associated With High-Dose Ketamine Infusions For Refractory Pain And Psychiatric Conditions.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Review
- Neurotoxic Impact of Individual Anesthetic Agents on the Developing Brain.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Increased Channel Activity of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors at Extrasynaptic Sites in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Neonatal Rats Following Prolonged Ketamine Exposure.Journal of pain research · 2021Article
- Ketamine: Neuroprotective or Neurotoxic?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Modulation of H-reflex responses and frequency-dependent depression by repetitive spinal electromagnetic stimulation: From rats to humans and back to chronic spinal cord injured rats.The European journal of neuroscience · 2020Article
- Effects of early ketamine exposure on cerebral gray matter volume and functional connectivity.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Neonatal ketamine exposure-induced hippocampal neuroapoptosis in the developing brain impairs adult spatial learning ability.Neural regeneration research · 2020Article
- Paediatric Pain Medicine: Pain Differences, Recognition and Coping Acute Procedural Pain in Paediatric Emergency Room.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2018Review
- Perioperative Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: What Is New?Current anesthesiology reports · 2018Review
- Ketamine attenuates the glutamatergic neurotransmission in the ventral posteromedial nucleus slices of rats.BMC anesthesiology · 2017Article
- Experimental and clinical evidence of differential effects of magnesium sulfate on neuroprotection and angiogenesis in the fetal brain.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2017Article
- Anesthetic Ketamine-Induced DNA Damage in Different Cell Types In Vivo.Molecular neurobiology · 2016Article
- Delayed emergence of behavioral and electrophysiological effects following juvenile ketamine exposure in mice.Translational psychiatry · 2015Article
- Neonatal ketamine exposure causes impairment of long-term synaptic plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex of rats.Neuroscience · 2014Article
- Anaesthetics-induced neurotoxicity in developing brain: an update on preclinical evidence.Brain sciences · 2014Article
- Argon gas: a potential neuroprotectant and promising medical therapy.Medical gas research · 2014Article
- The role of anesthetic drugs in liver apoptosis.Hepatitis monthly · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ketamine is a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) commonly used as a dissociative anesthetic in many pediatric procedures. Ketamine acts primarily by blocking NMDA ligand-gated channels. Experimental studies indicate that ketamine administration used for inducing clinically relevant anesthesia can lead to neurotoxic effects, such as apoptosis, selectively on immature brain neurons. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in an in vitro preparation of forebrain slices to analyze pharmacologically the differences in the effects of ketamine administration on the NMDAR channel activity between immature and mature neurons. NMDAR channel activity was recorded in the form of evoked NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) from the forebrain of both neonatal and adult rats. Results show that ketamine inhibited eEPSCs in a dose-dependent manner in both immature and mature neurons. However, at each concentration of ketamine applied to the brain slice, a more extensive inhibition could be seen in neonatal neurons than in adult neurons. Further, the blocking effect of ketamine on eEPSCs was measured during the period of 1, 3, and 6h after ketamine washout. Inhibition of eEPSCs in immature neurons was still evident 6h after washout. In contrast, the blockade of eEPSCs in mature neurons recovered completely from the inhibition by ketamine in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate that ketamine produces a greater and longer blocking effect on NMDAR channels in immature neurons than in mature neurons. This differential effect is likely to be a critical link to the higher vulnerability to ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in neurons of the developing brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.