ArticleEarly human development2013
Regular breakfast consumption is associated with increased IQ in kindergarten children.
Article in Early human development, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Linking dynamic cerebral autoregulation and inhibitory executive function: Role of modifiable behaviours.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- On-site breakfast provision in early childhood education and care (ECEC) services in Australia: a multi-method investigation.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Prolonged sitting reduces cerebral oxygenation in physically active young adults.Frontiers in cognition · 2024Article
- Breakfast skipping and its relationship with academic performance in Ethiopian school-aged children, 2019.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
- Trend and Causes of Overweight and Obesity among Pre-School Children in Kuwait.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Breakfast Consumption Habits at Age 6 and Cognitive Ability at Age 12: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Association between Breakfast Consumption and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Association between intestinal worm infection and malnutrition among rural children aged 9-11 years old in Guizhou Province, China.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Breakfast Nutritional Quality and Cognitive Interference in University Students from Mexico City.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Cesarean Delivery Impacts Infant Brain Development.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2019Article
- Skipping breakfast is associated with lower diet quality in young US children.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2018Article
- Breakfast consumption determinants among female high school students of Yazd Province based on Pender's Health Promotion Model.Electronic physician · 2017Article
- Methodological Challenges in Studies Examining the Effects of Breakfast on Cognitive Performance and Appetite in Children and Adolescents.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2017Review
- Nutritional Intervention and Breakfast Behavior of Kindergartens.Iranian journal of public health · 2016Article
- The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Verbal Deficits and Psychopathic Personality Traits: Evidence of the Moderating Role of the MAOA Genotype.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
- Associations of Child Temperament with Child Overweight and Breakfast Habits: A Population Study in Five-Year-Olds.Nutrients · 2015Article
- Cohort Profile Update: The China Jintan Child Cohort Study.International journal of epidemiology · 2015Article
- The role of adolescent nutrition and physical activity in the prediction of verbal intelligence during early adulthood: a genetically informed analysis of twin pairs.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
- The emerging role of dietary fructose in obesity and cognitive decline.Nutrition journal · 2013Review
- Regular breakfast consumption associated with high intelligence quotient: Myth or Reality?Pakistan journal of medical sciencesArticle
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4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies have documented a positive relationship between regular breakfast consumption and cognitive outcomes in youth. However, most of these studies have emphasized specific measures of cognition rather than cognitive performance as a broad construct (e.g., IQ test scores) and have been limited to Western samples of school-age children and adolescents. This study aims to extend the literature on breakfast consumption and cognition by examining these constructs in a sample of Chinese kindergarten-age children.
methodsThis cross-sectional study consisted of a sample of 1269 children (697 boys and 572 girls) aged 6 years from the Chinese city of Jintan. Cognition was assessed with the Chinese version of the Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-revised. Breakfast habits were assessed through parental questionnaire. Analyses of variance and linear regression models were used to analyze the association between breakfast habits and IQ. Socioeconomic and parental psychosocial variables related to intelligence were controlled for.
resultsFindings showed that children who regularly have breakfast on a near-daily basis had significantly higher full scale, verbal, and performance IQ test scores (all p<0.001) compared to children who "sometimes" have breakfast. This relationship persisted for VIQ (verbal IQ) and FIQ (full IQ) even after adjusting for gender, current living location, parental education, parental occupation, and primary child caregiver.
conclusionFindings may reflect nutritional as well as social benefits of regular breakfast consumption on cognition, and regular breakfast consumption should be encouraged among young children.
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