Trial reportCancer research2013
Oncolytic vaccinia virus disrupts tumor-associated vasculature in humans.
Trial report in Cancer research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 167 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
167 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 251 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Phase I/II study of PexaVec in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Trial
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Leveraging multimodal cancer immunotherapy to amplify the efficacy of oncolytic viruses.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Advances in oncolytic viruses immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Combination Immunotherapy as a Promising Strategy to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance: From Emergence to Next-Generation Approaches.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Cracking the shield: oncolytic viruses versus the tumor-immune fortress.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Bridging mechanism and clinic: unlocking the full potential of oncolytic virus-based immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Oncolytic Viruses in Cancer Immunotherapy: From Molecular Engineering to Clinical Translation.Cells · 2026Review
- Oncolytic viruses: advanced strategies in cancer therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Recombinant adenoviruses application for cancer vaccines: from genetic design to clinical translation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Oncolytic viruses in head and neck cancer: therapeutic promise and translational challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Oncolytic Virotherapy in Solid Tumors: A Current Review.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Recombinant Oncolytic Viruses: Hexagonal Warriors in the Field of Solid Tumor Immunotherapy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Transforming cancer immunotherapy: integration of distinct immune-based approaches as redefined dual immunotherapy with potential third-sensitizer.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- BAP1 as a predictive biomarker of therapeutic response to oncolytic vaccinia virus for metastatic renal cell carcinoma therapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Vaccinia Virus-A Swiss Army Knife Against Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Review
- Immunotherapy for High-Grade Gliomas.Cancers · 2025Review
- The evolving landscape of oncolytic virus immunotherapy: combinatorial strategies and novel engineering approaches.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Efforts to selectively target and disrupt established tumor vasculature have largely failed to date. We hypothesized that a vaccinia virus engineered to target cells with activation of the ras/MAPK signaling pathway (JX-594) could specifically infect and express transgenes (hGM-CSF, β-galactosidase) in tumor-associated vascular endothelial cells in humans. Efficient replication and transgene expression in normal human endothelial cells in vitro required either VEGF or FGF-2 stimulation. Intravenous infusion in mice resulted in virus replication in tumor-associated endothelial cells, disruption of tumor blood flow, and hypoxia within 48 hours; massive tumor necrosis ensued within 5 days. Normal vessels were not affected. In patients treated with intravenous JX-594 in a phase I clinical trial, we showed dose-dependent endothelial cell infection and transgene expression in tumor biopsies of diverse histologies. Finally, patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, a hypervascular and VEGF-rich tumor type, were treated with JX-594 on phase II clinical trials. JX-594 treatment caused disruption of tumor perfusion as early as 5 days in both VEGF receptor inhibitor-naïve and -refractory patients. Toxicities to normal blood vessels or to wound healing were not evident clinically or on MRI scans. This platform technology opens up the possibility of multifunctional engineered vaccinia products that selectively target and infect tumor-associated endothelial cells, as well as cancer cells, resulting in transgene expression, vasculature disruption, and tumor destruction in humans systemically.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.