ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2013
Engineering anthrax toxin variants that exclusively form octamers and their application to targeting tumors.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- From pathogenicity to therapy: Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of Bacillus anthracis Anthrax Toxin in Novel Cancer Therapies and Oncological Research.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Antiviral siRNA delivered using attenuated, anthrax toxin protects cells from the cytopathic effects of Zika virus.Virus genes · 2025Article
- ERK pathway reactivation prevents anthrax toxin lethality in mice.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- AB Toxins as High-Affinity Ligands for Cell Targeting in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- ERK and c-Myc signaling in host-derived tumor endothelial cells is essential for solid tumor growth.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Natural and Designed Toxins for Precise Therapy: Modern Approaches in Experimental Oncology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Harnessing the Membrane Translocation Properties of AB Toxins for Therapeutic Applications.Toxins · 2021Review
- Atomic Structures of Anthrax Prechannel Bound with Full-Length Lethal and Edema Factors.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2020Article
- Exploring the Nature of Cationic Blocker Recognition by the Anthrax Toxin Channel.Biophysical journal · 2019Article
- Bismaleimide cross-linked anthrax toxin forms functional octamers with high specificity in tumor targeting.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2019Article
- Effect of late endosomal DOBMP lipid and traditional model lipids of electrophysiology on the anthrax toxin channel activity.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes · 2018Article
- Effect of endosomal acidification on small ion transport through the anthrax toxin PAFEBS letters · 2017Article
- Anthrax lethal toxin rapidly reduces c-Jun levels by inhibiting c-Jun gene transcription and promoting c-Jun protein degradation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2017Article
- Functional classification of protein toxins as a basis for bioinformatic screening.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Anti-tumor activity of anthrax toxin variants that form a functional translocation pore by intermolecular complementation.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Anthrax Toxin Protective Antigen Variants That Selectively Utilize either the CMG2 or TEM8 Receptors for Cellular Uptake and Tumor Targeting.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
- Solid tumor therapy by selectively targeting stromal endothelial cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Tumor Targeting and Drug Delivery by Anthrax Toxin.Toxins · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Anthrax toxin protective antigen (PA) delivers its effector proteins into the host cell cytosol through formation of an oligomeric pore, which can assume heptameric or octameric states. By screening a highly directed library of PA mutants, we identified variants that complement each other to exclusively form octamers. These PA variants were individually nontoxic and demonstrated toxicity only when combined with their complementary partner. We then engineered requirements for activation by matrix metalloproteases and urokinase plasminogen activator into two of these variants. The resulting therapeutic toxin specifically targeted cells expressing both tumor associated proteases and completely stopped tumor growth in mice when used at a dose far below that which caused toxicity. This scheme for obtaining intercomplementing subunits can be employed with other oligomeric proteins and potentially has wide application.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.