ArticleNeurochemistry international2013
Protection of MPTP-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by Pycnogenol.
Article in Neurochemistry international, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Perspectives of Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2020Pooled it
- Flavonoids as Therapeutic Agents in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidences.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2018Pooled it
- A Placebo-Controlled, Pseudo-Randomized, Crossover Trial of Botanical Agents for Gulf War Illness: Curcumin (International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Natural Molecules for Brain Health and Resilience.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Investigating the Neuroprotective Effects of Peripheral Nerve Microcurrent Stimulation in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.Brain & NeuroRehabilitation · 2026Article
- Oxidative stress and dysregulated long noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.Biological research · 2025Review
- RETRACTED: Vitamin E Analog Trolox Attenuates MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Mice, Mitigating Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Motor Impairment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Carotenoids: Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases Remediation.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Nutraceuticals and phytotherapeutics for holistic management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.3 Biotech · 2023Review
- Analysis of phenolic compounds in Parkinson's disease: a bibliometric assessment of the 100 most cited papers.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- Korean Red Pine (Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Protective Effect of Pycnogenol against Methotrexate-Induced Hepatic, Renal, and Cardiac Toxicity: An In Vivo Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Pycnogenol ameliorates motor function and gene expressions of NF-ƙB and Nrf2 in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced experimental model of Parkinson's disease in male NMRI mice.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2022Article
- Arbutin effectively ameliorates the symptoms of Parkinson's disease: the role of adenosine receptors and cyclic adenosine monophosphate.Neural regeneration research · 2021Article
- Brain Selective Estrogen Treatment Protects Dopaminergic Neurons and Preserves Behavioral Function in MPTP-induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Article
- The Footprint of Kynurenine Pathway in Neurodegeneration: Janus-Faced Role in Parkinson's Disorder and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Conifers Phytochemicals: A Valuable Forest with Therapeutic Potential.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The CD200R1 microglial inhibitory receptor as a therapeutic target in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- PycnogenolNutrients · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play a crucial role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis and may represent a target for treatment. Current PD drugs provide only symptomatic relief and have limitations in terms of adverse effects and inability to prevent neurodegeneration. Flavonoids have been suggested to exert human health benefits by its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, in the present study, using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro pyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of Parkinsonism, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of bioflavonoid compound Pycnogenol® (PYC), an extract of Pinus maritime bark. MPTP injected mice developed significantly severe oxidative stress and impaired motor coordination at day 1 and day 7 postinjection. This was associated with significantly increased inflammatory responses of astrocyte and microglia as assessed by ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba 1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry, and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the striata by Western blot. Additionally, there was significant upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) expression in the striata of MPTP injected mice compared to saline controls. The MPTP-induced neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and behavioral impairments were markedly repudiated by treatment with PYC. These results suggest that PYC protects dopaminergic neurons from MPTP-induced toxicity in the mouse model of PD. Thus, the present finding of PYC-induced adaptation to oxidative stress and inflammation could suggest a novel avenue for clinical intervention in neurodegenerative diseases including PD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.