ArticlePloS one2013
IgE production to α-gal is accompanied by elevated levels of specific IgG1 antibodies and low amounts of IgE to blood group B.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- The B antigen protects against the development of red meat allergy.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practicePooled it
- Human monoclonal antibodies targeting α-Gal restrict IgE engagement of α-Gal syndrome allergens.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Alpha-Gal syndrome unveiled: decoding the glycan-driven red meat allergy.Glycoconjugate journal · 2026Review
- Alpha-gal sensitization and allergic blood transfusion reactions: a scoping review.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- From vector to allergen: exploring the immunology of tick-triggered α-Gal syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Ticked Off: Allergic Effector Cells in the Pathogenesis of Alpha-gal Syndrome.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- A Review of Alpha-Gal Syndrome for the Infectious Diseases Practitioner.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Review
- IgG to Galactose-Alpha-1,3-Galactose: Impact of Alpha-Gal IgE Sensitization, Blood Type, and Tick Bites.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Increasing prevalence of galactose-α-1,3-galactose sensitization in the Danish general adult population.Allergy · 2025Article
- Recurrent tick bites induce high IgG1 antibody responses to α-Gal in sensitized and non-sensitized forestry employees in Luxembourg.Clinical and translational allergy · 2024Article
- Understanding American tegumentary leishmaniasis in urban Montes Claros, Brazil: insights from clinical, immunological and therapeutic investigations.Parasitology · 2024Article
- Review
- IgE and anaphylaxis specific to the carbohydrate alpha-gal depend on IL-4.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Gene-edited pigs: a translational model for human food allergy against alpha-Gal and anaphylaxis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- The α-Gal epitope - the cause of a global allergic disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The role of glycosylation in clinical allergy and immunology.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Review
- Isotype diversity of antibodies specific for component allergens in the context of allergic diseases: eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), asthma, and the alpha-gal syndrome (AGS).Frontiers in allergy · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy with biodegradable nanoparticles encapsulating the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose enhance immune tolerance against alpha-gal sensitization in a murine model of alpha-gal syndrome.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Article
- Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
IgE antibodies to gal-α-1,3-gal-β-1,4-GlcNAc (α-gal) can mediate a novel form of delayed anaphylaxis to red meat. Although IgG antibodies to α-gal (anti-α-gal or anti-Gal) are widely expressed in humans, IgE anti-α-gal is not. We explored the relationship between the IgG and IgE responses to both α-gal and the related blood group B antigen. Contradicting previous reports, antibodies to α-gal were found to be significantly less abundant in individuals with blood group B or AB. Importantly, we established a connection between IgE and IgG responses to α-gal: elevated titers of IgG anti-α-gal were found in IgE-positive subjects. In particular, proportionally more IgG1 anti-α-gal was found in IgE-positive subjects against a background of IgG2 production specific for α-gal. Thus, two types of immune response to α-gal epitopes can be distinguished: a 'typical' IgG2 response, presumably in response to gut bacteria, and an 'atypical', Th2-like response leading to IgG1 and IgE in addition to IgG2. These results suggest that IgE to a carbohydrate antigen can be formed (probably as part of a glycoprotein or glycolipid) even against a background of bacterial immune stimulation with essentially the same antigen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.