ReviewMetabolic brain disease2013
Acetyl-L-carnitine in hepatic encephalopathy.
Review in Metabolic brain disease, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acetyl-L-carnitine for patients with hepatic encephalopathy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- L-carnitine for cognitive enhancement in people without cognitive impairment.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Resveratrol in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Resveratrol in Hepatitis C Patients Treated with Pegylated-Interferon-α-2b and Ribavirin Reduces Sleep Disturbance.Nutrients · 2017Trial
- Covert hepatic encephalopathy as a multi-organ syndrome: the gut-liver-muscle-brain axis, diagnosis, treatment, and multidisciplinary care.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy: current and future drug targets.Hepatology international · 2024Review
- Future Therapies of Hepatic Encephalopathy.Clinics in liver disease · 2024Review
- The role of genetic defects in carnitine-associated hepatic encephalopathy: a review of literature.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2024Review
- l-carnitine: Nutrition, pathology, and health benefits.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2023Review
- Oxidative stress and metabolic diseases: Relevance and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Specific Metabolites Involved in Antioxidation and Mitochondrial Function Are Correlated With Frailty in Elderly Men.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Novel Agents in the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Review.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2021Review
- New Therapies of Liver Diseases: Hepatic Encephalopathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Acrylamide-induced peripheral neuropathy: manifestations, mechanisms, and potential treatment modalities.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Review
- Supplementation with Branched-Chain Amino Acids Induces Unexpected Deleterious Effects on Astrocyte Survival and Intracellular Metabolism with or without Hyperammonemia: A Preliminary In Vitro Study.International journal of hepatology · 2021Article
- Carnitine Serum Levels in Frail Older Subjects.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Effect of L-carnitine on health-related quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis.Biomedical reports · 2020Article
- Review
- A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial for Efficacy of Acetyl-L-carnitine in Patients with Dementia Associated with Cerebrovascular Disease.Dementia and neurocognitive disorders · 2018Article
- Reduction of cardiovascular risk in subjects with high lipoprotein (a) levels.Journal of thoracic disease · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication of hepatic cirrhosis. The clinical diagnosis is based on two concurrent types of symptoms: impaired mental status and impaired neuromotor function. Impaired mental status is characterized by deterioration in mental status with psychomotor dysfunction, impaired memory, and increased reaction time, sensory abnormalities, poor concentration, disorientation and coma. Impaired neuromotor function include hyperreflexia, rigidity, myoclonus and asterixis. The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy has not been clearly defined. The general consensus is that elevated levels of ammonia and an inflammatory response work in synergy to cause astrocyte to swell and fluid to accumulate in the brain which is thought to explain the symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. Acetyl-L-carnitine, the short-chain ester of carnitine is endogenously produced within mitochondria and peroxisomes and is involved in the transport of acetyl-moieties across the membranes of these organelles. Acetyl-L-carnitine administration has shown the recovery of neuropsychological activities related to attention/concentration, visual scanning and tracking, psychomotor speed and mental flexibility, language short-term memory, attention, and computing ability. In fact, Acetyl-L-carnitine induces ureagenesis leading to decreased blood and brain ammonia levels. Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment decreases the severity of mental and physical fatigue, depression cognitive impairment and improves health-related quality of life. The aim of this review was to provide an explanation on the possible toxic effects of ammonia in HE and evaluate the potential clinical benefits of ALC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.