ArticleMolecular microbiology2013
Spanin function requires subunit homodimerization through intermolecular disulfide bonds.
Article in Molecular microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cross-family and phage-specific gene requirements for Klebsiella infection revealed by scalable RB-TnSeq genetic screens.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- The Lysis cassette of jumbophage PhiKZ.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Lysis Cassette of Jumbophage phiKZ.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The short cytoplasmic region of phage T4 holin is essential for the transition from impermeable membrane protein complexes to permeable pores.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- A New Insight into Phage Combination Therapeutic Approaches Against Drug-Resistant Mixed Bacterial Infections.PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Review
- Identifying components of theJournal of bacteriology · 2024Article
- Genome characterization of a multi-drug resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Molecular Machinery of the Triad Holin, Endolysin, and Spanin: Key Players Orchestrating Bacteriophage-Induced Cell Lysis and their Therapeutic Applications.Protein and peptide letters · 2024Review
- Characterization and Genome Study of a Newly Isolated Temperate Phage Belonging to a New Genus TargetingGenes · 2023Article
- Bacteriophage-encoded lethal membrane disruptors: Advances in understanding and potential applications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Phenotypic and Genomic Comparison ofViruses · 2021Article
- Current Status of Endolysin-Based Treatments against Gram-Negative Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Bacteriophage Proteome: Insights and Potentials of an Alternate to Antibiotics.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2021Review
- Review
- Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Novel Mu-like Phage VW-6B Isolated from the Napahai Plateau Wetland of China.Current microbiology · 2021Article
- Phage-encoded cationic antimicrobial peptide required for lysis.Journal of bacteriology · 2021Article
- Phage Lysis: Multiple Genes for Multiple Barriers.Advances in virus research · 2019Review
- Localization and Regulation of the T1 Unimolecular Spanin.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Phage spanins: diversity, topological dynamics and gene convergence.BMC bioinformatics · 2018Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The λ Rz and Rz1 proteins are the subunits of the spanin complex, required for the disruption of the outer membrane during host lysis. Rz, the inner membrane or i-spanin, has a largely alpha-helical periplasmic domain, whereas Rz1, the outer membrane or o-spanin, has a 25% proline content with no predicted secondary structure. We report that both Rz and Rz1 accumulate as homodimers covalently linked by intermolecular disulfide bonds involving all three Cys residues, two in Rz and one in Rz1. Moreover, of these three intermolecular disulfides, spanin function requires the presence of at least one of the two linkages nearest the Rz-Rz1 C-terminal interaction domains; i.e. either the Rz1-Rz1 disulfide or the distal Rz-Rz disulfide link. In a dsbC host, but not in dsbA or dsbA dsbC hosts, formation of the covalent homodimers of Rz is severely reduced and outer membrane disruption is significantly delayed, suggesting that the spanin pathway normally proceeds through DsbA-mediated formation of an intramolecular disulfide in Rz. In contrast, efficient formation of the Rz1-Rz1 disulfide requires DsbA. Finally, Dsb-independent formation of the covalent homodimer of either subunit requires the presence of the other, presumably as a template for close apposition of the thiols.
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